Cis Environment Essay Example

Cis Environment Paper The elements of internal control are the same; the computer just hanged the methods by which these elements are implemented. 2. What is meant by general controls in relation to SIS environment? General controls are those control policies and procedures that relate to the overall computer information system. The purpose of general SIS controls is to establish a framework Of overall controls over the SIS activities and to provide a reasonable assurance that the overall objectives of internal control are achieved. These may include: -organization and management controls -application systems development and maintenance controls -computer operation controls -system software controls data entry and program controls 3. Enumerate and describe each of the five (5) general controls in a SIS environment. A. Organizational Controls just as in a manual system, there should be a written plan of the organization, with clear assignment of authority and responsibility. In a SIS environment, the plan of an organization for an entity computer system should include segregation between the user and SIS department, and segregation of duties within the SIS department. B. Systems development and documentation controls software development as well as changes thereof must be approved by the appropriate level of management and the user department. To ensure that computer programs are functioning as designed, the program must be tested and modified, if needed, by the user and SIS environment. C. We will write a custom essay sample on Cis Environment specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Cis Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Cis Environment specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Access Controls every computer system should have adequate security controls to protect equipment, files and programs. Access to the computer should be limited only to operators and other authorized employees. D. Data recovery controls it provides for the maintenance of back-up files and off-site storage procedures. Computer files should be copied daily to tape or disks and secured off-site. In the event of disruption, reconstruction of files is achieved by updating the most recent back-up with subsequent transaction data. E. Monitoring controls are designed to ensure that SIS controls are working effectively as planned. These include periodic evaluation of the adequacy and effectiveness Of the overall SIS operations conducted by persons within or outside the entity. 4. What are the primary responsibilities of the following? A. SIS Director Exercises control over the SIS operation. B. System Analyst Designs new systems, evaluates and improves existing systems, and prepares pacifications for programmers. C. Programmers Guided by specifications of the systems analyst, the programmers writes a program, test and debugs such programs, and prepares the computer operation instruction. . Computer Operator Using the program and detailed operation instructions prepared by the programmer, computer operator operates the computer to process transactions. E. Data Entry Operator Prepares and verifies input data for processing. F. Librarian Maintains custody of systems documentation, programs and files. G. Control Group -Reviews all input reoccurred, monitor computer processing follow-up data processing errors, reviews the reasonableness of output, and distributes output to authorized personnel. . Enumerate and describe each of the three (3) application controls in a SIS environment. A. Controls over Input Input controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that data submitted for processing are complete, properly authorize and accurately translated into machine readable form b. Controls over processing -? Processing controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that input data are processed accurately, and that data re not lost, added, excluded, duplicated or improperly changed. C. Control over output Output controls are designed to provide reasonable assurance that the results of processing are complete, accurate and that these output are distributed only to authorized personnel. 6. Give at least six (6) input controls in relation to SIS environment. A. Key verification b. Field check c. Validity check d. Self-checking digit e. Limit check f. Control totals 7. What is meant by test of control in a SIS environment? Test of control in a SIS environment involves evaluation the clients internal intro policies and procedures to determine if they are functioning as intended. Regardless of the nature of the clients data processing system, auditors must perform tests of controls fifthly intend to rely on the clients internal control. The auditors objectives and scope of the audit do not change in a SIS environment. However, the use of the computer changes the processing and storage of financial information and may affect the organization and procedures employed by the entity to achieve adequate internal control. Accordingly, the methods employed by the auditor in testing he control may also be affected. Testing the reliability of general controls may include observing clients personnel in performing their duties; inspecting program documentation; and observing the security measures in force. In testing application controls, the auditor may either audit around the computer or use Computer-Assisted Techniques. 8. What is meant by auditing around the computer? Auditing around the computer is similar to testing control in manual control structure in that it involves examination of documents and reports to determine the reliability of the system. When using this approach, the auditor Norse the clients data processing procedures, focusing solely on the input documents and the SIS output. Input data are simply reconciled with the output to verify the accuracy of processing. Auditing around the computer is based in the assumption that if the input reconciles with the output, the computer program must have processed the transaction accurately. 9. Distinguish between Test data and Integrated Test Facility (TIFT. Test Data is primarily designed to test the effectiveness of the internal control procedures which are incorporated in the clients computer program. The objective of the test data technique is to determine whether the clients computer programs can correctly handle valid and invalid conditions as they arise while when using integrated test facility, the auditor creates dummy or fictitious employee or other appropriate unit for testing within the entitys computer system. Unlike test data, which is run independent of the clients data, an I TAP integrates the processing of the test data with the actual processing of ordinary transactions without management being aware of the testing process 10. Compare and contrast parallel simulation, test data and integrated est. facility (TIFT).

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included)

How to Write a Perfect Retail Resume (Examples Included) Retail might not be the most glamorous career around- complete with aching feet and a perma-smile that hides your suspicion that the customer is not always right- but if you’ve ever been on those front lines, you know how essential your services are. We’re a society of consumers, and retail professionals are the ones who keep that cycle going. If you’re an experienced retail sales associate or someone just starting out, we’ve got you covered. We at TheJobNetwork have put together a guide accompanied by resume templates on creating the perfect retail resume. Let’s look at three different retail professionals: One entry level, one seeking seasonal retail employment, and an experienced sales associate looking to become a manager.1.Entry Level  Retail Sales Associate Resume2.Seasonal Retail Sales Resume3.Retail Sales Manager ResumeFirst up: Bella, who’s seeking her first job in the retail world.Download This Resume in MS WordBella opts for a fu nctional, or skills-based resume, because she doesn’t have a lot of retail-specific experience to showcase (yet). So she puts her best qualities and her skills up front, to underline her summary statement: that she’s looking to take the skills and work ethic she already has and turn that into a retail job/career. She also presents herself as a recent grad, which can let the reader know up front that she probably doesn’t have years and years of experience behind her. Bella prioritizes her strongest skills (her responsibility/dependability, her ability to work with the public, and her familiarity with handling transactions), then her awards/certifications (which emphasize her reliability and her professional successes), then her experience, and finally, her education.Bella’s experience is mostly in food service, and includes part-time jobs. She includes the part-time jobs because those helped develop skills she listed above, like customer service and an out going personality. Bella’s high school experience is important to note, because she has completed her diploma, but unless her school experience is directly relevant to the job she’s applying for (in this case it’s not), she wisely just lists the school and the diploma.Let’s look at Marty, who has more experience, but is seeking a seasonal retail position (back-to-school, holiday season, etc.) rather than a full-time gig.Download This Resume in MS WordMarty puts his cards on the table up front: he’s a student, he has retail experience, and he’s not looking to put a ring on it- he just wants to find a gig for the upcoming holiday season. He opens with a detailed summary, with a brief statement and then a handful of bullets outlining his deal. An important point in his bullets: that he’s available to work a variety of shifts, which is key for a store looking to hire someone to come in and get their hands dirty even when others are at hom e eating leftover turkey.Next, he lists his experience, to show that he’s a pro at the seasonal holiday game. He may have other jobs along the way, but he’s not looking for a career here- he focuses on the seasonal retail experience he already has, so that the reader doesn’t have to cut through a bunch of information that isn’t necessarily relevant to the immediate goal of hiring for a brief period.Our final retail resume-writer is Erica, who’s got a lot of retail associate experience behind her, but wants to jump up a level in the store management food chain.Download This Resume in MS WordErica’s resume shows an accomplished retail professional. But what she needs, if she wants to apply for higher-level retail jobs and not associate-level jobs, is to show that she has demonstrated leadership. Thus, the first skill she lists is rallying team members (check) to increase sales (check-plus) in her experience. The remainder of her skill bullets are used to show the breadth of her retail experience. This format, the skills-based resume, is helpful for someone like Erica, who wants to emphasize that she has what it takes to step into a bigger role, not just the kind of job she’s already had. Even though she’s not changing career paths, she’s trying to change up her career within that path, and this format can be useful when you want to show what you can be, in addition to what you’ve already done.Erica also provides as much detail as possible, without crowding her resume. The overall sales of her current store, with some concrete stats on how she’s helped increase sales, are very impressive, and don’t take up much space in the resume. Erica is letting results do the talking for her. An interview is a great chance to provide more context than resume bullets allow, but whenever you have specific numbers and information you can include, that will likely catch the attention of the reader and help get you into the next round. Erica also goes out of her way to include various awards, which show she’s been a superstar at her current job. Overall, the picture here is of someone who has been successful, and has the drive to keep going and improving sales.

Innovation Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Innovation Report - Essay Example Perhaps the most widely accepted definition is provided by Michael Vance, according to him â€Å"Innovation is the creation of the new or the re-arranging of the old in a new way†. Most of the products, services or processes that are considered to be innovative are often found to be either ideas or thoughts of others or rework of already existing products, services or processes (Sarkar, 2007). According to Peter Drucker innovation is perceptual as well as conceptual in nature. Therefore innovation necessitates an attitude to go out and look, ask and listen. Successful innovators are found to be using both left and right sides of their brains. In order to make the innovation process effective, the focus must be simple but intense. Most of the effective innovations are found to be exceptionally simple. (Drucker, 2003). This paper is on iPhone, an innovative product, which has taken the generation by its stride. It presents a comparative study of the major drivers of innovation and their role in the innovation process. It also scrutinizes those factors that hinder the innovation process. A study of various theories has been applied to find out the possible challenges faced by the company while developing this innovative product. The paper also includes a critical evaluation of the role of knowledge, design and creativity in the process of making an innovative product. In today’s competitive business environment, innovation is the key to success for any organization. Over the past century most of the business organizations had focused only on continual improvement of the products and services in order to gain competitive advantage. However According to Jim Clifton, CEO and chairman of Gallup Management, such approach is not enough in the current state of economy. According to him today’s organizations must come up with completely new ideas rather than marginally better ones. This was exactly what Apple did over the past few years. The company kept on innovating

Prevalence of Asthma among Physically Inactive Adolescents Research Paper

Prevalence of Asthma among Physically Inactive Adolescents - Research Paper Example Asthma has been implicated in overweight and physically inert young people. In their study, Daniel et al mention that in instances of reduced mobility, there is more prevalence of asthma. With asthma also, there is decreased physical activity which accentuates the condition. In another study by Ten Hacken (2009), physical inactivity and obesity have been compared so as to identify the correlation between the two. The researchers are guided by the principle that physical inactivity and obesity are risk factors for many chronic diseases including cardiovascular disease, osteoporosis, osteoarthritis, depression and diabetes mellitus. The researchers explain that in inactivity and obesity, there is systemic inflammation that leads to various inflammatory processes of many chronic conditions. Asthma is a chronic airway disease characterized by enhanced bronchial inflammation and hyperactivity, mucosal edema and airway narrowing. Asthma being a chronic condition, therefore, fits the bill o f the inclusion criteria. Despite this argument, the study is not quite clear on asthma as it uses postulations and inferences. Even the researchers themselves admit that complex studies will be needed to clearly show the correlation between physical inactivity and asthma. ... Smoking is a trigger for acute asthma attacks while obesity does not necessarily imply that one has reduced activity. However, there was some strength of association between inactivity and asthma in the sense that, of the study participants, those who used inhalers had an 80% likelihood of being physically inactive. Another study by Hallal et al seeks to identify the strength of association between physical activity in adolescents and their health status. The research is based on the principle that physical inactivity among the young people reduces the incidence of chronic diseases. The study was conducted between 2000 and 2004. The findings were that physical activity has long-term benefits o various conditions in the body including bone condition, breast cancer, asthma and sedentary behavior. Concerning asthma, the researchers established that water activities have shown efficacy in controlling and fighting asthma. The ways in which physical activity treats asthma is not very clear , but from various studies reviewed, there is a close association between physical activity and asthma. What is, however, not clear is the mechanism by which this happens. PART 3 Research Questions: Using PICO Model The study shall be conducted based on the guidance from the following research questions: 1. To what extent can asthmatic conditions be attributed to lifestyle? 2. Are adolescents who are less active physically likely to have health complications than their active counterparts? 3. What is the connection between patient diagnosed with asthma and physical mobility? 4. Can increased physical activity reduce the chances of asthmatic attack? 5. Do asthmatic adolescent who

Terrorism and criminology Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Terrorism and criminology - Essay Example Criminological theories offer explanations for certain terrorist acts. Social disorganization theory explains the communal terrorist acts. In a society where the collective efficacy of social institutions have failed, a general unrest may emerge, which would eventually lead to terrorist acts. Such an atmosphere facilitates organized crimes that are a reflection of the lack of respect for the failing systems and also of the notion that the punishment for such crimes will be less severe where the legal justice has fallen apart with the failed institutions. Racial and ethnic heterogeneity in socially disorganized communities are apt to come to direct conflicts. In such communities the poverty rate will also be high, which will; also lead to crimes that would gain the proportions of terrorism. Gang wars and organized crimes are most often transformed to terrorism in general. While the disruptions may emerge as an internal affair in the beginning, it is possible that the frustration and w rath may later be directed against other communities or nations. The disenchanted populace of a socially disorganized community is often the targets of international terrorist recruiters. The theory of rational choice and deterrence is another criminological theory that effectively defines certain terrorist acts. It can explain individual and communal terrorism in a social structure. The theory explains criminal acts as personal or rational choice. The existence of a swift, severe and certain system of punishment in a state is apt top deter an individual or a society from committing a crime. If we analyze the amount of terrorism that emerges from states where the punishment system is weak, the theory can be proved beyond doubt. A state that fails to execute proper punishments will also fail to keep terrorist activities in check. The general assumption can be summarized that people will

Schindler’s List: Movie Review Essay

Schindler’s List: Movie Review Essay Schindler’s List Set in the most horrific period of world history, Schindler’s List tells the real life story of Oscar Schindler. Set in Krakà ³w ghetto of German occupied Poland, Schindler’s List takes a look at the life and evolution of Oscar Schindler, a Nazi profiteer who changed the course of dozens of Polish Jews. Despite originally siding with the Nazis, Schindler goes on to save the lives of over a thousand Jews, who are deemed as essential for his enamel factory. The movie is an incredible epic of Schindler and the Jewish workers (called Schindlerjuden) he risked his life to save. Unlike in other modern movies, Schindler’s List is shot in black and white. While black-and-white film is not obsolete, few movies of our time period utilize it and those that do often do not use it to the best of their ability. This element is one of the reasons that make Schindler’s List stand out from other films. Steven Spielberg, the director of the movie, chose to use black-and-white to better set up the historical atmosphere World War II. I believe his did this because many people psychologically associate WWII and the 1930s without color films or photography. In making this choice, we as viewers are put into the right mindset of the era on screen. While this makes the violence and thematic struggle of the film more impactful, it also helps to accentuate any of the time shifts or vital scenes shot in color. Like the Wizard of Oz, this effect focuses the attention of the viewers and changes their psychological mindset. Clearly, the producers realized that Schindle r’s List would not have the same visual effect or cinematic presence in history if they had not chosen to shoot it in black-and-white. Another important film effect that Steven Spielberg put into Schindler’s List is the use of parallel editing. This effect, more commonly known as crosscutting, weaves several different scenes, and in a more larger sense feelings, together with one another. While this is of course a fun visual aesthetic for the average viewer to see, Spielberg does it to contrast the poverty and desolation of the Jewish people during the Holocaust with the luxury and wealth of the Nazis ruling over them. An example is the scene splice of the Krakow ghetto and Schindler’s new apartment. I believe Spielberg does this to show the irony of that portion of World War II; good benefits for Schindler come from another’s heartbreaking loss. This filming technique helps to accurately show us the bitter, paradoxical time period that of world history that cannot be forgotten but has been overcome. There is a scene in the film where the Schindlerjuden present Schindler a ring engraved with the Talmudic phrase: â€Å"Whoever saves one life saves the world entire.† This phrase perfectly represents one of the main themes of Schindler’s List: one person can make an impact. theme can be seen pretty clearly throughout the film. Primarily, we see this theme through the protagonist Oscar Schindler. After saving Itzhak Stern from a concentration camp, we know that Schindler goes on to save the lives of thousands of Jewish workers from mass extermination by the Nazi Party. Although we know that millions were killed by the Nazi Party at the time the Holocaust, if Schindler had not saved them, six times the amount of people who actually be lost (the number of descendants that came from Schindler Jews). Another example in the movie of one person making a difference is the girl in the red coat. Spielberg only uses color in four occasions in the film and one of them is on a smal l girl. Why would he do that? He did it to show the viewer that Schindler is starting to see the horror around him and grasping that what the Nazis are doing is evil. It is because of this young child, who even more astoundingly does not even have to speak to him, that all of Schindler’s actions and views are changed. Another important theme of Schindler’s List is the easiness of denial. This theme can be seen many times throughout the movie and in the history of the Holocaust itself. Looking at Oscar Schindler, we see that throughout much of the rising action of the film, he cares little to none about the misery and persecution that the Jews in Krakà ³w are facing. He cares only about the luxurious lifestyle and profits that he can get from swindling the Jews. It’s easier to turn a blind eye and bury himself in his own greedy thoughts than acknowledge the atrocities being committed around him. Schindler is not the only one, though. Many of the Jews working for Schindler and living in Krakà ³w refuse to acknowledge the horrors of their situation. Even when forced from their homes, shipped into cramped ghettos, many still insist on seeing the good of the situation, even as Jews just like them are being killed at random. Another example of denial is the scene where smuggler Poldek Pf efferberg’s wife worries aloud about the rumors of extermination camps. She’s heard how dozens of Jews are being gassed and cremated at Auschwitz. Instead of being comforted or reassured by her fellow sufferers, they angrily rebuke her and insist that would never happen. Deep down, I am sure they knew the truth, but it was easier for them to deny it than face the reality of the horror surrounding them. It’s quite easy to see why a film of this emotional depth about the Holocaust would make an impact on the world. Spielberg was motivated to make this film because he wanted to find a way to make Holocaust victims more than just tragic statistics. Traditionally, when we are taught about the Holocaust, we are truly overwhelmed by the horrors and atrocities that were committed and this overwhelming feeling tends to almost desensitize to it. We have so much disbelief that this could ever be allowed to happen that we can’t grasp the full emotional reality of it. It is that desensitization that Spielberg works (successfully) to overcome. Spielberg achieves his goal to communicate the fear and uncertainty the Schindlerjuden had, whether it was while they were in the ghetto, working for Schindler, or riding the train to his factory in Czechoslovakia. The audience feels like they are actively partaking in the action on screen instead of sitting passively by. We emotionally meet each character and devote ourselves to following their journey’s outcome. This viewer-to-character connection was goal Spielberg made the purpose of his film. By truly humanizing all of these characters, the audience is forced to deal with the atrocities that the screen and history show us. He needed every viewer to see and feel invested in each of the characters of Schindler’s List. He didn’t want them to walk out of their theater and return back to their mundane way of thinking. Spielberg wanted to remind the world of the horror of World War II and make it so that whenever genocide or discrimination was seen in the world, every viewer of this movie would not settle to passively sit by and do nothing.

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying Essay -- Ernest J. Gaines

Human Dignity in A Lesson Before Dying    Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940’s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities. The struggles of Grant and Jefferson share a common theme, man’s search for meaning. Grant has the advantage of a college education, and while that may have provided some enlightenment, he remains in the same crossroads as Jefferson. Grant sees that regardless of what he does, the black students he teaches continue in the same jobs, the same poverty and same slave-like positions as their ancestors. Grant has no hope of making a difference and sees his life as meaningless. Though Jefferson’s conflict is more primal, it is the same as Grant’s struggle. Jefferson is searching for the most basic identity, whether he is man or animal. It is this conflict of meaning and identity that bring Grant and Jefferson together. In this book, Ernest J. Gaines presents three views to determine manhood: law, education and religion. Jefferson has been convicted of a crime, and though he did not commit it, he is sentenced to death as a "hog" a word that denies any sense of worth or fragment of dignity he may have possessed in a world ruled by oppressive white bigots. Jefferson is at an even greater loss as he has no education and after the conviction he doubts that God can even exist in a world that would send an innocent man to his death. It is clear that Jefferson does not believe he has any value. " ‘I’m an old hog. Just an old hog they fattening up to kill for Christmas’ " (83). Though Grant may have had some advantages compared with Jefferson, his position in life was not significantly better than Jefferson’s. Grant knows that if he had been the black man sitting in the courtroom, he too would have been convicted. In his powerful opening to the novel, Grant says, "I was not there yet I was there... ...rong tell them im a man" (234). Jefferson died with dignity and Grant returned to Bayonne believing he could make a difference. It is not clear that religion, a belief in God, made the difference for either of them. It is clear that as they struggled with the issue of a higher power, they did discover that the meaning of their lives was not attached to the white man’s beliefs and myths, but rather came from inside themselves. To the end, they both struggled with whether or not there was a God. As they end their journey together, Jefferson is at peace and becomes a hero in his community. Though Grant cannot be a hero, he does find his place and returns to the schoolhouse with new hope and a vision for making a difference, if not for himself, for his students. He doubts himself at times, but he gains determination for his students. "Yet they must believe. They must believe, if only to free the mind, if not the body. Only when the mind is free has the body a chance to be free. Yes, they must believe. They must believe. Because I know what it means to be a slave. I am a slave" (Gaines 251) Works Cited Gaines, Ernest J. A Lesson Before Dying. New York: Vintage Books, 1993.

DBQ: Reign of Terror Essay

â€Å"The execution of Louis XVI marked the beginning of the 18 month period of the French Revolution that has come to be called ‘The Reign of Terror’†(49). It was led by no other than Robespierre, in an attempt to start a new government, which proceeded to execute large numbers of people. The 18 months was a blood pouring event during the French Revolution. These events were unnecessary and the whole Reign of Terror was unjustified because it was a sin to kill, they went against what other through and what was right, and they went beyond what was necessary. Not only was the Reign of Terror a big part of the French Revolution but it was a very unjustified event, creating sins among the people. They treated the dead as heads and bodies of simple animals rather than thinking of them as once humans. â€Å"Carried it mockingly, upside down on a cart, offering it to passers-by to spit on†(59). The people then went against the churches abolishing holidays which were important to many people and their beliefs. They also killed thousands, â€Å"many of these people were guillotined†(63). They would cut the heads of criminals and even innocent without trial. The guillotine began very popular through these months, becoming the number one way of killing. â€Å"The guillotine became one of the most powerful symbols of the French Revolution†¦ It had a sharp, angled blade, which dropped quickly on a guided track†(65). These months were very gruesome for the people of france and many families, to where no one felt safe. These murders were sins, killed without reason or trial making the Reign of Terror unjustified. They were also unjustified because they were out of control and gave no trial to those who were sent to death. â€Å"The tribunal followed a formalized legal procedure, but gradually broke down â€Å"(63). They soon after gave in and stopped following their word, stopping all the trials. â€Å"The tribunal were out of control and kill thousands of innocents and accused men and women†(63). These deaths soon became a public view to anyone to witness, a view no one could forget, yet something to celebrate. â€Å"The public guillotines were memorable events†¦ laughing and chatting familiarly as if they were at a festival†(65) The people screamed of joy once the Kings blood poured from his headless body for they had finally killed him off. Louis XVI  was killed for the unjustified killing of many without a fair or given trial. The unjustification also included the Reign of Terror causing an unnecessary amount of deaths and beyond what was called for. People dropping without trial, without justification why at some points. â€Å"historians estimate that between 20000 and 40000 people were killed by the guillotine during the Reign of Terror†(65). The Committee soon hired many to spy making the areas hard to be trusted, they were always searching for if they were being watched. â€Å"a careless word of criticism spoken against the government could put on in prison or worse†(63). This made no one safe from imprisonment or death, this was unnecessary, against what we now have the right to speech. This was beyond what was needed or called for these people were killed over an unjustified event, just if they were in the wrong place at the wrong time. This shows how the Reign of Terror was unjustified and brutally unfair to the people of the times. Thousands killed without trial but guillotine decapitating them. â€Å"In mid- 1794 the Reign of Terror came to a rather abrupt end. Robespierre himself was executed and a more conservative government was put in place†(49). These times ruined families and homes across france, killing innocent men without trying them on trial in front of a fair jury. These 18 months became the bloodiest months of the French Revolution creating a huge impact on our history and government now showing how unjustified it was. The Reign of Terror was a against sin, unnecessary, and went beyond limits.

Foods In Asia Essays - Cuisine, Steaming, Staple Food, Cooking, Food

Foods In Asia Essays - Cuisine, Steaming, Staple Food, Cooking, Food Foods in Asia China The Chinese make full use of the many kinds of foods produced in china. Most of the basic foods rice, wheat, corn, potatoes, meat fish, and vegetables, are well known to us and are used in western cooking. Food is chopped into bite sized pieces and is usually cooked quickly over a hot flame or steamed to retain its flavor and color. These fast-cooking methods are very nutritious, as they preserve the food's natural vitamins. The Chinese are sociable eaters and often eat out with thier family and friends. For lunch, they may snack on rice dumplings stuffed with meat or sweet bean paste or have a filling bowl of rice or noodles with meat and vegetables. In the evening they eat a more substantial meal. This usually consists of several courses; sometimes many dishes are served at the same time and shared by all the people around the table. Japan Traditionally the Japanese diet has consisted of rice, fresh fish, and vegetables. While these remain the staples, Japanese people today enjoy a great variety of locally produced and impoted foods. Fish is one of the nation's favorite foods, providing just under half the animal protein consumed by a average person. A traditional Japanese diet is very healty. It is high in vitamins and vegetables proteins, and low in fat. A typical Japanese meal is made up of many small, artistically arranged dishes. The appearence of the food is important. Japanese food must look as perfect as it tastes. Vietnam The location of Vietnam on the Southeast Asian peninsula accounts for much of the country's identity. This tiny agricultural nation has absorbed Chinese, French, and American influences. Food and family are central to Vietnamese life. There is a Vietnamese saying that "The first pleasure in the world is eating." A major concern is for tectures and appearance. The fresh, clean taste of Vietnamese cooking comes from the use of fresh herbs and seasonings; garlic, lemon and lime. Raw or lightly steamed vegetables and fruit are often used. Becuase foods are never prepared in animal fat nor served with sugary sauces the Vietnamese diet is wholesome and nutritious as well.

Is It Worth Partnering With A Book Marketer

Is It Worth Partnering With A Book Marketer Is It Worth Partnering With A Book Marketer? Since starting Reedsy, I’ve heard time and again that â€Å"what authors need most help with is marketing.† But that’s akin to saying startups like us primarily need help with fundraising; to me, it’s a startup founder’s job to raise funds when the company needs them, just as it’s a writer’s task to sell his or her book. Sure, help would be appreciated, but going as far as outsourcing? The best startups don’t do that.Of course, I can see the case for bringing on a marketing specialist, particularly when an author is not technically savvy or familiar with social networks and communities. Still, this raises the question: who is best placed to promote an author’s work? If promotion isn’t done by the creator himself, isn’t there a chance the message will get lost?These are several of the questions I asked author Jonathan Gould, who decided to partner with book marketer Mike Doane for the promotion of his latest book, Magnus Opum.Book marketer: it begins with strategyâ€Å"It begins with strategy,† says Gould. â€Å"I have very little idea about how to strategize a book selling campaign. That’s where Mike comes in. From the very beginning, we discussed my goals as a writer, and the sorts of books I like to write. From that, Mike can not only give me advice on which readers I should be reaching out to but also suggestions on how to reach them. Together we are in the process of developing an overall strategy that should help get my name out and define me as a writer with a distinct style and voice.†I’ve gotten to know quite a few authors just like Jonathan: they blog on a regular basis, spend time on Twitter and Facebook, do Goodreads giveaways, and write to bloggers and reviewers. But not everyone takes time to assess their objectives with each of these marketing tasks.A good book marketer can (or should) help you identify your target audience, find ways to reach out to it, and measure the results of your efforts in each marketing â€Å"channel† so you can focus on the ones that work. You end up doing the work (reaching out to reviewers, interacting with readers, etc.), so it doesn’t endanger your brand image or your relationship-building. And you know why you’re doing what you’re doing.Mike Doane explains: â€Å"I think a lot of authors do those things they’re supposed to do without knowing the reasons why. ‘I blog once a week’ is not a strategy, it’s a tactic. What’s even worse is not being able to measure the outcomes, let alone produce outcomes to measure. This is my job. I’m supposed to help Jonathan understand why he’s using the tactics he’s using, plus find new tactics and help him test them.†Essentially, that’s what a â€Å"marketing plan† is all about, and there is a certain skill to putting one together that not every author has taken the time to learn. That said, there is a vast amount of content out there around â€Å"book marketing†, whether in the form of blog posts, podcasts, webinars, online courses, or even books. Our initial thought was that there is no reason why an author couldn’t learn this on his own (while in contrast, specialized skills like editing and design can take years to learn and perfect). So I asked several authors on forums: what does hiring a personal book marketer bring that you couldn’t achieve on your own with enough time and effort?Personalized advice, moral support, and an extra pair of legsAs indie author and marketing consultant Debbie Young told me: â€Å"Authors often have very unrealistic expectations of how hard it’s going to be to market a book. Too often authors get discouraged and stop trying to market at all, but with a little direction and encouragement of the kind I’m able to offer, they discover that actually there is a lot they can do after all, and they are re-enthused to do it.†The degree of moral support a personalized marketing consultant can give you might actually be the most valuable part of that collaboration. The same way a good content editor can help you gain confidence in your craft, a good book marketer should be able to teach you how to promote your book in a more confident and effective way.Plus, as Jonathan puts it, â€Å"It’s nice to have an extra pair of legs when it comes to chasing promotional opportunities such as guest posts, interviews, or paid promotions.† This touches on the subject of personal VAs (Virtual Assistants), which was brilliantly covered on Joanna Penn’s blog recently.Flat fee remuneration or royalty-share?Of course, this extra pair of legs doesn’t come for free. And how much (or even how) you should pay for marketing help is a slightly controversial question.Jonathan and Mike have contracted on a royalty-share basis. This is something that you rarely see for editing or design services, but is a much more frequent occurrence in narration (audiobook) or translation services.The logic behind it is pretty simple: a marketer’s only job is to generate sales for your books, so it makes sense to index the marketer’s remuneration on the results of their work. However, in nearly every other marketing-related profession, such as publicity, flat fees are the norm. I don’t know of one good book publicist who works on a royalty-share basis. Mike explains why: â€Å"Any author-publicist contract that’s based around sales is foolish. It’s like those SEO companies that promise a #1 position on Google for a given keyword. That’s extremely hard to deliver, especially on a budget. Publicists can’t promise things like reviews or sales. There are just too many factors involved.†As marketers develop deeper, longer-lasting relationships with the authors they partner with, royalty- share might make more sense for them than for publicists or SEO specialists. Whether it makes sense to the author is another question, and one that largely depends on sales, budget-consciousness and risk-aversion. Mike suggested to me that he would like to see a flexible model where authors and marketers can choose to work together on a mix of fee and royalty-share.This would have the advantage of keeping a bonus element (royalty) to incentivize the book marketer, while assuring that he gets paid a decent remuneration even if the book fails to sell well. There is no guarantee in book marketing and asking the marketer to assume all the risk makes little sense. In that sense, a hybrid model is certainly worth exploring.Follow Ricardo, the author of this article, and Reedsy on Twitter: @RicardoFayet  and  @ReedsyHQDo you have any questions about book marketing and whether it makes sense at your stage to hire a professional marketer? Leave us your thoughts in the comments below!

The British Mandate Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

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Describe and evaluate psychological theories of human motivation Essay - 1

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