The role of the rule of law in the criminal justice process in UK Essay

The component part of the rule of law in the criminal justice process in UK - Essay ExampleIn the British Criminal Justice dodging, divisions like the Crown Prosecution Sector, the police, the law butterflys and the prisons operate together to father ab break criminal justice. In general, the three departments are mutually responsible for the Criminal Justice System (CJS) and its subdivisions. These three consist of (i) The Ministry of Justice, which is concerned with the magistrates law courts, the Appeals Courts, the Crown Court, the National Offender Management Service, and the Legal run Commission (ii) The Home Office under whose jurisdiction are the police (iii) The Attorney Generals Office which is in charge of the Serious Fraud Department, the Crown Prosecution Service, and the Customs and Revenue Prosecutions Division In general circumstances, it is the responsibility of the Ministry of Justice to oversee the entire justice procedure (Roberson, Wallace and Stuckey, 2009 ). It is responsible for justice being meted out from the time when a suspect is apprehended, to the time they are charged with a annoyance and incarcerated (if this is the result) (Schmalleger, 2009). The Ministry of Justice alike plays a role in a felons probation process. The ministry is too expected to provide effective aid, and seek to decrease the chances of re-offending. The Home Office, on the other hand, is responsible for safeguarding the public from instances of crime, terror and other anti-social behaviours. The plaza office ensures peoples safety in order to facilitate investment and peaceful coexistence. It also promotes the acceptable level of tolerance that allows people to live with others from different backgrounds without there being unnecessary problems that act about through misunderstandings. This division is responsible for counter terrorism initiatives, safe policing and overall crime diminution strategies.The Attorney General, who is usually assisted in handling these responsibilities by the Solicitor General, is the key legal rede to the British Government (McLeod, 2010). Both the Solicitor General and the Attorney General are responsible for do sure that all citizens uphold the rule of law. The Attorney General also has additional public quest responsibilities such as committing to objecting to extremely lenient sentences that are given to serious criminals, as well as initiating proceedings in courts concerning the Contempt of Court Act (Zander, 2007). The function of the Criminal Justice System (CJS) is to process all to justice by convicting and imprisoning the felons while defending the public. It is also in charge of investigating crimes and make sure that the perpetrators are held accountable for their crimes (Packer, 1968). The CJS also carries out other functions such as executing court orders, collecting fines and overseeing custodial as well as community punishment. The main objectives for the CJS are To enhanc e their skill in bringing crimes and their perpetrators to justice. To boost public confidence in the way the CJS conducts its operations To make crime victims feel that their grievances have been satisfactorily addressed by the Police unit as well as the CJS. To constantly gather, evaluate, and make use of statistics concerning different ethnicities so as to identify irregularities in the distribution of responsibilities in the CJS. To increase the finding of criminal factors so that the public is made aware that criminals will not go unpunished (Sanders and Young, 2000). While not all the members of society are predisposed to crime, such a stair will help in discouraging potential criminals. The Basic Concept Underlying the Rule of fair play In the 19th and 18th British society, many individuals who belonged to the upper classes were not treated in the identical way as the rest of the British citizens. If they committed any crimes, they had special government laws that wou ld be apply to judge their cases

Strategic management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words - 2

Strategic management - Essay ExampleIt is currently the largest coffee house globally with its current size satisfying a customer base of more than 40 million weekly. It operates 16,635 stores in 50 countries whereby 11,068 are located in the United States. The accompany operated 9,031 stores and 4,776 licensed stores as of 2011 fiscal social class. The company has three operational segments namely the Global Consumer Products Group (CPG), United States (US) and International (Quelch, 2006). Its product lines include beverages such(prenominal) as coffee, soda, juices and Tazo tea, pastries, whole coffee beans and merchandise such as CDs and mugs. Its three largest overseas markets are japan (more than 180 stores), England (more than 370 stores) and 120 stores in both China and Taiwan. Starbucks is currently the fastest growing food chain. It is preparedness to boost earnings by 20% to 25% in the preceding five years and step-up its global storefronts to 40,000. The company attain ed a 14% increase in revenue to $13.3 billion in the fiscal year 2012. The company is optimistic that the revenues will further grow in the fiscal year 2013 at a range of 10% to 13% following the growth in store sales, cutting store openings and advancement in channel development line of reasoning. The US segment includes both company-oriented and licensed stores. The US segment sells coffee and other beverages, whole bean coffee, complementary food and other selected merchandise done stores. Its financial management goals are conservative in that the existing stores pay for the new store installations. To crack customer satisfaction, Starbucks focuses on value chain development, market development and penetration, horizontal integration and concentric and empire diversification. This paper is a strategic analysis of Starbucks Coffee Company with focus on its United States air segment. Market Environment Analysis for Starbucks Coffee Company PESTEL Analysis The PESTEL analysis contains five factors (political, Economic, Social, Technological, Environmental and Legal) that go the external business environment of the company (Appendix 2). The three most crucial factors involveing the US business segment of the company are political, economic and technological. Political/legal The political/legal environment of Starbucks is of blue significance because the company imports all their coffee beans international laws must apply. The high taxation rates in coffee producing countries makes the company hike the prices of their commodities. This implies that any fluctuations in the taxation rules will be passed to the consumer. Increased prices affect the consumption rates of customers. Trade issues will predominantly affect Starbucks when importing or exporting goods. fit to Dlabay, Burrow and Kleindl, (2011), imposition of tariffs leads to losses as well as large income transfers that can become incommensurable with equity. The local elections may also have n egative effects on the business due to the lurch in administration that may alter the business laws. Economic Increase in the international or local interest rates tampers

Global warming Thesis Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Global heating system - Thesis ExampleThe major contr everyplacesies surrounding world(prenominal) warming, include - hesitancy regarding the change in climate beyond natural variations questionable evidences against the factors responsible for global warming as well as the likely scope and extent of its impact effectiveness and validity of the strategies declare oneselfed to combat global warming and for reducing carbon footprints and the estimated size, effect and consequences of the phenomenon. Skeptics have raised serious concerns and questions regarding the scientific consensus about the effectuate of global warming as well as the adequacy of facts and evidence supporting the theories of global warming. The debates and cynicism regarding the distant reaching effects of global warming are large observed among the policy makers and political spheres, sort of than within the scientific communities. Furthermore, doubts have also been raised regarding the delivers of global w arming. According to some the main cause of global warming is yet to be explored age others consider it as a natural phenomenon while yet others consider human activities, responsible for the phenomenon. There are various arguments put forward by skeptics, and the same have been re scarceted with facts and evidences in the following section, thus further substantiating and reaffirming the fact that global warming is indeed real and not a myth, contrary to rising opinion. Criticisms and Re exactlytals 1. The earth is not warming, instead, it has cooled down over the past decade According to the skeptics, the earth is not warming, as claimed by the scientists and even if it is, the extent of deterioration as predicted by them is over exaggerated. They further claim that there exists data / scientific evidence which suggest that the earth is in fact, cooling, rather than warming. It is further stated that the planet was warming during the 20th century but the warming had stopped over a decade ago, and the Earth has been cooling ever since 1998 (Singer & Avery, 2007). This is supported by the fact that the periods between December 2007 and November 2008 have been the coldest periods of the decade (Singer & Avery, 2007). It is argued that although the earth may not be cooling, but the evidence claiming that the earth is warming, is not credible and holds no relevance. Rebuttal Although the evidence showing that the average temperature has go during the decade holds relevance, but the same, does not prove that the earth is cooling. The differences in temperatures is mostly because of the factors utilize for comparison, for instance, the year 1998 which was used as a base, was the hottest year of the century. Contrary to the claims made by the skeptics regarding cooling of the Earth the planet never stopped warming. The temperatures during the year 1997 were hotter as compared to that in the year 1995, while 1998 soon surpassed 1997 to become the hottest year of the decade, which in turn was replaced by years 2002 and 2003. According to NASA, the year 2007 was the hottest year of the century on record. All these reports all the way show that the temperature is constantly rising, with no signs of slowing down (Casper, 2009 Robinson, 2007 Singer & Avery, 2007). 2. Statistics related to surface temperatures are punic and are blown out of proportion. The crisis

The Pain of Animals Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Pain of Animals - Essay ExampleHis position is that homo tend to rationalize their behavior and in doing so justify our mistreatment of certain groups of animals with no thought or concern for their inherent right to life rather in our selfishness we too often have scant(p) regard for their well-being and quality of life. In order to substantiate his position he drew parallels by dint of various instances of how humans either assume animals do not have emotions and can not find out pain or disregard the truth believing the human race is somehow entitled to do as they please in the name of science or sport.Drawing first on the experiment of insects in the furthering of science Suzuki concedes that somehow that may be justifiable, but then further builds on the examples of experimentations on mice, rats, guinea pigs and other rodents to further both the medical and behavioral sciences and asks us to consider if this is the point at which the line should be drawn morally and eth ically.In further defense of his position he duologue about how humans are conditioned to have little disregard for the other animals with whom we share the planet. world at one point, melt downed and fished to sustain his own and his familys lives. Somewhere we have gone beyond that. We hunt and fish now not just for survival, but for sport, sacrificing the lives of animals just for our own amusement and pleasure not out of necessity.

Strategic analysis of a company and its competitive environment Essay - 2

Strategic analysis of a union and its competitive environment - Essay ExampleThe comp both capitalises in the distribution high quality, snazzy and great value home products and apparel. The rail line is also popular in selling food products, fashion clothes, gifts, and home furnishing. The company has also establishment in financial service segment. In addition to plan of attack up with effective means that can support its development, the business success can also be linked to its affordable monetary values of its products. In addition, the business vision is to offer great quality value and services. The business popularity is largely enhanced by its quality products as well as its ability to distribute products that meets international standards. The current success of Marks & Spencer can also be attributed to its effective and operational management strategies as well as it reliable and affordable promotion strategies (Burns, 2008, p. 12). Internal Analysis of the Firm Po litical stability in United Kingdom has proved to be effective in facilitating the success of Marks & Spencer. However, the Iraq civic conflict largely affects the activities and operations in Marks & Spencer. This is owing to the fact that, the business has several branches in Iraq. The political changes in United Kingdom have also affected the activities and operations of the business. ... The existing companionable situation in United Kingdom has also changed the customer concept in the market. This has forced the company to figure out and come up with young fashions that will meet the interest of its customers. In addition, the price sensitivity has produced a more competitive environment. Although a good number of the business products are aged fashioned, the company has adopted new strategies of increasing its sales with limited loss. The new technology has also been alert in communicating new products to its customers. The company is currently relying on online services to promote its products in new markets. The new technology is also useful in identifying products that can meet the demands of its customers. Just like any other business in global market, Marks & Spencer has also been significantly affected by global warming. To counter the impact of environmental challenges, the company has introduced mechanisms that could be used to advance business operations. For instance, the business has embarked on a mechanism that aims at recycling plastic products. Marks & Spencer also sell legally gratifying products to its customers. In addition, the business sells high quality products that meet the set international and local standards (King, 2007, p.21). Compared to other competitors in the market, Marks & Spencer competitive rivalry is high. Studies have confirmed that Marks & Spencer faces high rivalry in clothing sector from new entrance in the market. The company is also facing extensive competition in food industry for Sainsbury and Tesco. The company bargaining power of buyers is also high. This is owing to the fact that other huge retailers in their area of coverage surround the

Innovative Organisations Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words - 1

Innovative Organisations - Essay ExampleEven for maintaining a healthy growth, the deliverables essential be much above the expectations of the client keeping the operational costs down and within the undertake time frame. If the increasing demand for the product thus created have to met, then innovation becomes the need of the mo and an essence for any successful business to survive.I have taken Microsoft as the organization for abstract of business environment and have performed SWOT and PESTEL evaluation of its business. Microsoft being one of the most renowned companies in the world and frequent amongst the Fortune communicatepers offers a lot to learn from the innovative processes it has followed for more than a decade.Founded by Bill Gates and Paul Allen on April 4, 1975 in Albuquerque(US) it is today a Multinational corporation which deals in computer packet, computer hardware, research and development, gaming a corporation that manufactures, outsources, licenses and sup ports a wide range of software products like Microsoft Windows, Microsoft Office, Microsoft Servers, Developer Tools, Microsoft Expression, Business Solutions, Games & Xbox 360, Windows Live, Windows Mobile.Board of Directors consists of ten people, made up of mostly company outsiders. Current members of the wag of directors are Steve Ballmer, James Cash, Jr., Dina Dublon, Bill Gates, Raymond Gilmartin, Reed Hastings, David Marquardt, Charles Noski, Helmut Panke, and Jon Shirley. There is an Executive Team which includes the Chairman and Chief software package Architect, the CEO, the General Counsel and Secretary, the Chief Financial Officer, senior and group vice presidents from the business units, the CEO of the Europe, the nerve centre East and Africa regions the heads of Worldwide Sales, Marketing and Services Human Resources and Corporate Marketing.1) Microsoft is one of the leading brands and one of the top companies featured in Fortune 500 list of companies. The operating system Windows,

Lindbergh Baby Case Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Lindbergh Baby slip of paper - Essay ExampleThere was huge attention by the media concerning the issue. As a result, Lindbergh the father of the bollocks up permitted a negotiator, called Dr. John Condon, to discuss with the kidnappers (FBI, n.d.). After a series of exchange of notes between him and the kidnappers, he met with the kidnapper and gave them the $50,000 ransom for the release of the baby (Busch, 1970).The kidnappers disclosed that the baby was on a boat off the mod York harbor (federal official Bureau of Investigation (FBI), n.d.). However, after a thorough search, there was nothing in the harbor. dickens months after the kidnapping, the babys body was unintentionally appoint decaying in woods near the Lindbergh home (FBI, n.d.). The police and then launched a manhunt for the kidnapper and they mainly concentrated on pursuing any ransom money that had been spent.In this case, the police took the role of investigation they investigated this case of three accounts o f nuisance, which included kidnapping, murder, and fraudulent money exchange. The police from the Federal Bureau of Investigation traced their investigation to the conclusion of Bruno Richard Hauptmann as the main suspect. The suspect was who was arrested after the police found more evidence his house (Busch, 1970).He was taken to the court and the jury found him guilty of the charges on Feb. 13, 1933. The correction required him to confess to the charges, which he refused, and thus he was electrocuted on April 3, 1936.First appearance is a common thing that takes place in the court process. In this process, a judge makes a last on whether there is justification to grant a bond an individual suspected of committing any given over crime and informs the suspected offender of his/her rights in the trial process (United States Attorney Office, n.d.). During the first appearance in the Lindbergh Baby Case, the police and the team of prosecutors proved to the court that there was evide nce beyond reasonable doubts that the crime was committed. The defendant

Robert Mapplethorpe Biography and his association to Photography Research Paper

Robert Mapplethorpe Biography and his association to picture taking - Research Paper ExampleIn 1973, the Light Gallery in New York City mount his first solo gallery exhibition, Polaroids. Later, he acquired a Hasselblad 2 ? inch medium-format camera which he utilise to shoot his circle of friends and acquaintances including artists, musicians, socialites, pornographic film stars, and members of the S & M underground movements he was associated with (Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, par.3). To produce sleeky, rape effects and gleaming surfaces, Mapplethorpe used traditional techniques of direct lightning and sharp focus. During the early seventies, Mapplethorpes desire to dissipate the technical and aesthetic boundaries of traditional bourgeony made him use different printing materials and surfaces and unconventional forms of matting, framing, and glazing. He would also attempt to manipulate the photographic reproduction make for in his Model Parade. In this work, Mapplethorpe em ploy a synthetic emulsion to two pages from a male physique magazine in set out to lift the image and its burnish. He then transferred the dried emulsion onto the canvas, adding color and stretching and distorting the image as he arranged it (Marshall, par.3). In 1987, in his series of platinum prints on linen, he would use this process again in making a painting on canvas from a printed photograph. Mapplethorpe became controversial when he documented in his work New Yorks gay community in the late 1970s. His photographs explicitly render sexual organs and bondage equipment. His subjects also included homoerotic and sadomasochistic images which are often glamorized and disturbing. as yet according to Levinson, Mapplethorpes art always revealed the humanity and emotions of his subjects behind their leather, spikes, and chains (Levinson, par.4). Some sectors of society viewed his works as pornographic. Likewise, Morrisoe, who was able to interview Mapplethorpe several times, even one month prior to his death, said that Mapplethorpe painted himself as a creature of the night a sex demon who had no control over his sharp-set appetite (Morrisoe, xv). In the 80s, Mapplethorpe produced several images that either challenge or adhere to classical aesthetic standards. He photographed stylized compositions of male and female nudes, efflorescence still lifes, and studio portraits of artists and celebrities. He introduced and refined different techniques and formats, including color 20 x 24 Polaroids, photogravures, platinum prints on paper and linen, Cibachrome and dye transfer color prints (Robert Mapplethorpe Foundation, par.5). . genus Calla lilies and orchids are the favorite flower subjects of Mapplethorpe. His flowers are as carefully positioned to display a raw sexual urge even more powerful than that of his nudes (Mapplethorne and Ashbery, 1996). His treatment of the male and female aspects of the calla lily is most striking, one photograph emphasizing th e flowers phallic stamen, another emphasizing its feminine curves (Levinson, par.15). Even the size and vibrant colors of the prints of his flower photographs exudes sensuality. One of his favorite human subjects was Patti smith, a poet and a singer and a close friend with whom she lived with from 1967 to 1974. His portraits of Smith captured her loneliness, independence, sensitivity and wildness (Levinson, par.20). In addition, it was revealed that Mapplethorpes earliest and most frequent subject was himself

Online TEFL Courses vs Onsite TEFL Courses Research Paper

Online TEFL Courses vs Onsite TEFL Courses - Research cover ExampleThis leads to the question of which instruction is more efficient. Online and onsite TEFL courses, although they have different means, have one goal and that is to foster English proficiency. There are benefits and disadvantages for each mode of TEFL instruction and may have a upright share of successful learning among its students. Onsite TEFL course The curriculum taught for students in both online and onsite TEFL class may be the same but what lacks online TEFL session is human interaction. Surely, there is already an online camera where the other person git see whom he is talking to. However, genuine relationship may not occur. According to Hill (2008), teachers in onsite classes can easily detect students who are poorly motivated and can easily address this problem, whereas online training could not provide this type of approach and may lose his students attention ahead he would know it. The depth of learni ng may vary, although it is more likely to experience both conjectural and practical use of the language, since it can easily give the students hands-on practice (Donahue, 2006). On the other expression is the financial cost. Practically, online TEFL is cheaper and schedule-flexible. Onsite courses would require time and more resources for instruction.

Rossie the riveter Movie Review Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Rossie the rivetter - Movie Review ExampleIt is the case that Sheridan Harvey identifies that most people bring to mind the image We puke do it created by J. Howard Miller for the Westinghouse corporation. However it is Norman Rockwell that provided the image that was most examined by the films narrator. Rockwell created an image that was in many respects much brawnier and dirty than Millers iconic image. The denomination of Rosie the Riveter comes from a song written by Red Evans John Jacob Loeb. In which the protagonist is more(prenominal) gifted than a typical male worker. It was postulated that this song influenced Rockwell insofar as he painted the come upon Rosie on the lunchbox of his image. The film then highlights a number of women actually named Rose/Rosie who were credited with excellent accomplishments during the war.The miller image became more popular as it is the case that there was less copyright restriction and as such became more widely reproduced. A great desc ription is provided as to how the Rosie character becomes a demarcation between male and female roles, as well as postulating that Rockwell gave her a kind of angelic look. expression on this last image, the film then indicates that a government sponsored publication called the womens war guide, provided advice to companies on how to attract women in the workforce, as well as giving general advice to women on activities they could apprehend to ease the war effort. This in essence was recognition by the U.S. government that women were an integral part of the war effort.The following(a) image that was examined was also completed by Rockwell which depicted a patriotic woman carrying the gear to complete a variety of different tasks that were integral to the war effort. This image depicted a woman who was a nurse, farmer, a conductor, a mechanic and a telephone operator.The film then postulates that

The Coca-Cola Company Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

The Coca-Cola Company - Coursework ExampleAs the research stresses the company enjoys more flexibility in terms of making decisions at the local levels. Decentralization for the company has also played a voice in allowing the top management ample time to focus on long term planning. However, part the firm has decentralized most of its operations, there are certain divisions that are still centralized callable to their importance. These divisions include, for instance, the human resource, finance, innovation and strategy division. On the other hand, the market for non-alcoholic beverages continues to grow, and Coca-Cola can use its economies of scale to blow ones stack its market base. From the report it is clear the company needs to exploit include, for instance, India and China where there is a laid-back demand for soft drinks due to hot climate conditions. In addition, there is also a outgrowth market for still drinks as more customers are focusing health and wellness. Conver sely, in order to prevail competitive, the company needs to embrace innovation. Through innovation, the company will be in a piazza to develop a business strategy that is unique to the competition. The Coca-Cola is a multinational company that specializes in the compel of soft drinks. A pharmacist known as Stith Pemberton invented the firms main product, Coca-Cola in 1886. However, both the formula and Coca-Cola brand was later sold to Asa Candler in 1889, leading to the establishment of The Coca-Cola Company.

RBC Centura Bank Research Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

RBC Centura Bank - Research Proposal Example refining shares a common viewpoint regarding what constitutes appropriate business and interpersonal relationships and reflects the overall traditions and communications styles acknowledged deep down the business. At RBC Bank, efficiency and inter-staff respect are at the forefront of culture where expectations for performance lead off at the highest levels of the business and trickle down to subordinate staff levels. In this particular organization, the ability to check in with other employees generally involves being efficient at the job role. Inefficiency leads to an ineffective team and those who do not fit within this cultural norm regarding performance will generally have a difficult time making positive relationship with others.Organizational behavior, closely tied with culture, is the attitudes and actions which take location within the business environment. People in organizations do not work in proverbial vacuums, center tha t they consistently come into contact with others during the course of a regular workday. Organizational behavior are the sundry(a) interactions between staff members which dictate the overall method by which business is conducted both externally and internally, such as how co-workers interact and how customers/clients are approached. Organizational behavior is the human aspect of how business and the individual interact (Delta Publishing, 2006). At RBC Bank, much like its culture, efficiency and performance are common behavioral characteristics and expectations. plebeian respect is on the forefront of the business policies, where all business and associate transactions occur with this inclose in mind. All clients and associate workers behave according to high ethical guidelines, suggesting that the organizational behavior at RBC Bank is one where leadership qualities are valued and developed.Diversity is a common constitution at RBC Bank, defined as various differences in

University Convenience Store Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

University Convenience Store - Essay ExampleStrength can be utilise to overcome the helplessness experienced by firm. The location of the convenience stores in the university of New Brunswick Saint legerdemain campus is the biggest strength. The location of the store is easily traceable and hence approached by the students. Also the approachability of wide cooking stove of products both for national and international students adds on to the strength. Weaknesses The strength of its competitors might result in the greatest weakness for the convenience store. This is because of the fact that the competitors of the convenience store, the university cafeteria, the Chinese golden leaf trade, the circle K market place at Irving gas station, and Saputo Inc have already made its presence in the university making it tall(prenominal) for the convenience store to acquire the position. Opportunity The steady growth rate for convenience stores act as an chance for the university. Also wit h the introduction of new products catering mostly the international students, the convenience stores have the opportunity to grow in the near future. Threats Major threat lies from the competitors of the convenience stores which are located in the university. The major competitors include the university cafeteria, the Chinese golden leaf market, the circle K market at Irving gas station, and Saputo Inc. The Universitys Cafeteria had a proper location and has helped to served it to be the main attraction. Market-Product Grid The market product football field is a useful tool used in targeting the customers it is an instrument which addresses specifically the segmentation and targeting aspect. The market product grid which was depicted by Eric Berkowitz, Roger Kerin, William Rudelius and Steven Hartley consists of a matrix where markets represent vertical bloc and products on the horizontal axis (Fortenberry & Fortenberry, 2009, p. 102). The Market-Product grid of the convenience stores is as follows, Market-Product Grid for Convenience store Markets/products Grocery items Stationary Items Toiletry Items Others Students 1 3 2 2 Other staffs and outsiders 3 2 3 2 3- Large market 2-medium market 1-small market 0-nil The above grid shows the market product grid for the convenience store. It can be seen that the market for the convenience stores has been divided into two parts one is for the students and the other for the other members residing near the university. wherefore the demand for the products have been categorized where 3 represents large market, 2 represents medium market, 1 small market and 0 nil. In slickness of university convenience store, the demand for stationery items seems to higher(prenominal) in demand severally representing 3 grocery items represented 1 in case of students but 3 in case of other staffs and other members residing on or near the university. The demand for toiletry seems to be high in case on non students and medium for stu dents category. However this can be concluded that the demand for the convenience store, both for the markets seems to be high throughout the year resulting in higher profits and more customers. Product (features) The opening of convenience store in the university campus provide be of a great deal because the campus is located in the out strikes of the city and there is no convenient availability of groceries and other products available to students. The store will be of a great convenience to the student club as there is a high need of such store in the area. The store will provide a hassle free experience of shopping (Targeting

How dos th movi lddin rprsnt wht dwrd Sid clls orinttion Essay

How dos th movi lddin rprsnt wht dwrd Sid clls orinttion - Essay ExampleUnncssry to sy, th significnc of nimtd films oprts on mny rgistrs, but on of th most prsusiv is th rol thy lean s th nw tching mchins. Disny films succd in mrging n idology of chrm nd imprssion of virtu in nrrting storis tht hlp childrn undrstnd who thy r wht socitis thy blong to nd wht tht socitis r bout. Th powr ths films possss stms from thir uniqu form f rprsnttion.Th importnc of nimtd films s sourc of nw discovris nd lrning t th sm tim is hightnd by th common cknowldgmnt tht schools nd othr public sits r incrsingly ovrwhlmd by crisis of motivtion. Th mss mdi, spcilly Disny, on th othr hnd crts drm-lik world of scurity, vn though childrn quit oftn find thmslvs in th joylss rlity of schooling. Th ductionl significnc of nimtd films mks popl mor wr of tching possibilitis of Disny movis.Mny critics trid to nswr th qustion whthr Disnys nimtd films r good for kids nd whthr thy hv n ductionl impct on young gnrtions . But, sms lik thr is no n sy nswr to this qustion. Disnys most rcnt film lddin (1992) prsnts bundnt fortune to ddrss how Disny is rsponsibl in constructing cultur of joy for childrn. lddin is th story of so-clld strt-rt who knw tht h could b mor. Whn h finlly finds lmp contining gni who grnts thr wishs, it sms tht myb his drms could com tru. But n vil vizir is scrtly plotting his downfll, non to mntion tht th princss of his drms is bord with sing th sm old, stuffd-shirt, nd pcock princs. lddin hs sold ovr 3 million copis in 1993 nd hs rnd $1 billion from box-offics incom. s commnttor in Nwswk ltly sttd, Th mrchndis--Mrmid dolls, lddin undos, nd collctibls lik sculptur of Bmbis Fild Mous--ccount for stunning 20 prcnt of Disnys oprting incom.Thr r mny puzzls in th movi tht childrn r supposd to b ddrssing nd solving ftr, for xmpl, in lddin th issu of socity nd uthority is cntrd primrily on th rol of th young strt trmp, lddin. Jsmin, th Princss h flls in lov with is simply n objct of his instnt longing s wll s socil stpping ston. In contrry, Jsmins lif is lmost ntirly dfind by mn, nd, in th nd, hr hppinss is insurd by lddin who finlly is givn oky to gt mrrid with hr.Thr r mny smll things in lddin movi tht rprsnt mricn cultur, rcism which is lso rproducd through rcilly codd lngug nd ccnts. For xmpl, lddin portrys th trribl rbs with substntil, forign ccnts, whil Jsmin nd lddin spk stndrd nglish. nothr mzing portryl of rprsnttions nd cods in which childrn r tught tht culturl diffrncs tht do not br th shape of whit, middl-clss thnicity r bnorml, low-grdd, brinlss. Th rcism in this nimtd movi is dfind by both th prsnc of rcist rprsnttions nd th bsnc of complx rprsnttions of fricn-mricns nd othr popl of color. Morovr, th rprsnttionl dpiction of history, progrss, nd Wstrn cultur is prfctly cpturd by dwrd Sids notion of orintlism. Culturl diffrnc in Disnys movi lddin is prsntd through nturlizd rcil hirrchy. Morovr, on cn hrdly sy tht thr is somthing innocnt in wht kid s lrn bout rc s portryd in th mgicl world of Disny.Thr r mny critics of this movi s wll s dvocts, Yousf Slm, formr spoksprson for th South By

The Impact of Just-in-Time Production Practices Essay - 5

The Impact of Just-in-Time Production Practices - testify ExampleIn the contemporary environment of highly competitive business, innovative managerial practices become diminutive for increasing profitsability without major capital investment. The paper would, therefore, focus on how the improvements in product meld and product quality would impact on firms sales and profit.Productive persist broadly defines the streamlined surgical procedure of manufacturing goods and services that get hold of minimal defects. Thus quality products are important product outcomes of product flow within a manufacturing unit that greatly facilitate in meeting the demands of the customers. The streamlining of the various interactive processes becomes inhering to the quality control mechanisms that signifi sighttly help lower the overall cost of production. In the contemporary season of cutting-edge competition, Juran (2000) asserts all quality improvement occurs on a project-by-project basis an d in no opposite way. This is the foundation of quality assurance techniques and application which the organizations follow in order to meet the challenges of the time and maintain or increase their profit and sales.Byrnes (2003) asserts that product flow management is a powerful profit lever that can increase earnings while raising customer service levels. Thus, the organizations continuously throw effort to identify factors and issues that would help produce the desired outcome with efficiency and unmatched proficiency. The various processes that can reduce time span and efficiently deliver results are adopted to increase profits through and through quality products that corroborate with the changing customers requirements. Small and big organizations like General Motors, Samsung, Sony, Ford etc. have all redefined their strategic goals to meet the changing equation of global business that primarily focuses on customers preferences and their satisfaction.

LEsson VII Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

LEsson VII - Research Paper ExampleTo give this, it is important to understand the return on the investment of the ICT infrastructure. The IS department is also responsible for providing the operating parameters for the users of the ICT helping through training, and for providing data assurance (Kawalek2007). Another responsibility of the IS department is to mark the functionality of the infrastructure. This is achieved through proper adeptness and maintenance of the ICT components, developing operating applications and assisting the users in data management and software use. The information administrations department is comprised of confused groups namely technicians help desk staff, business analysts and programmers. The desktop technicians are responsible for maintaining and repairing the ICT hardware equipment. This involves repairing faulty equipment and inst totallying refreshed equipment. Business analysts are involved in the strategic planning within an organization, a nd in executing plans to ensure the organization achieves its objectives. The programmers are involved in developing and repairing operating applications. They are also responsible for providing system applications. ... These are some of the actions I would take in response to the following irregularities on the use of the ICT equipment. If mortal from the IS department notifies me that one of my employees is spending 3 hours a day writing messages on twitter, I would charter them to identify the employee that has been spending time on twitter, and send them to the management.I would also ask the IS department to suspend all the internet connections on the employees computer. I would then penalize the employee by suspending all internet associate tasks for them over a specific period of time (Kroenke 2007). If I ask how the IS department knows about the employee and honor out that it is by secretly monitor the computer usage, I would not be against such monitoring of internet us age because the use of the internet should be for issues related to the connection, and should be used for the benefit of the company (Kawalek2007). I would, however, limit the monitoring of the internet usage to only one trustworthy staff fragment in the IS department or implement an application that automatically alerts the management when the user accesses certain sites. If person from the IS department notifies me that one of my employees is sending many person-to-person emails, and admits to reading the mails as a precautionary banner against any suspicious emails, I would be against such monitoring because it invades the privacy of the other employees. It would also be illegal because all the employees have the right to communication. Ethically speaking, it would not be correct to view the messages personally directed to another person (Kroenke 2007). I would, however, caution the employee because it is against the companys rules to send and receive personal emails. If a s an employee

The eventual fall of the Ottoman Empire Essay Example for Free

The eventual(prenominal) fall of the ottoman conglomerate EssayHow farther did the clear ups during the period 1826-39 contribute to the eventual fall of the fagot imperium?The poof Empire (1299-1924), founded as a gallant dynasty, collapsed and re-emerged as a young constitutional state in less than seven centuries. The crucial question is why? What caused so momentous a transformation? There is much historical debate as to the causes for, and underlying factors in the empires collapse. Ive focused my study on the reforms passed during the period 1826-39, for I would consider these central in understanding the nature of the empires transformation. The years between 1826 and 1839 were a key turning point in the empires history and relations with immaterial powers. In this period, crucial wars were fought, reforms ratified and institutions dismantled. Sultan Abdulmecid state in 1839, my empire will prove that it is worthy of a prominent place in the c at a timert of c ivilised nations. As Suraiya Farooqhi et al, in their detailed study of the latter(prenominal) centuries of the empires history put it, such events are important for they physically acknowledged, reaffirmed, and maintained the new centralizing/westernizing degree of the tuffet state.iHistorians, whose studies are based foremost on European sources e.g. professional Kinross and Feroz Ahmadii, t kibosh to see the reforms as progressive, and attribute the empires collapse to a failure to industrialise. On the new(prenominal) hand, other historians, e.g. E.Eldemiii and Professor Maksudoglu, as mystify up as Stanford J. Shawiv, all of whom rely much heavily on Ottoman sources, see the reforms as far more degenerate. Maksudoglu suggests pouffe Ottoman sources have been heedlessnessed and ignored.v Shaw argues that Ottoman history has been discussed but always from the European perspective, through the light of European prejudice, and largely on the basis of European sources.vi It is due to a neglect of Ottoman sources that legion(predicate) historians have misinterpreted the causes of the empires collapse there exists an unnatural bias towards the formal European justification. As Goodwin suggests, fo direct historians tend to blame the international forces of capitalism their capital, their force and suggest that the West reduced the empire to a peripheral producer of raw materials.viiNevertheless, most historians agree that European influence proved to be of ever-increasing significance in determining the empires transformations. Ahmad suggests that ministers from the Sublime Porte visited Europe, in particular France, more frequently and returned home strike with what they saw and learned.viii In the 1830s, an Ottoman poet wrote Go to Paris, young sir, if you have any wish if you have non been to Paris, you have not come into the world.ix Although the poet was probably writing for the purposes of entertainment, not necessarily for historical accuracy , the extract offers insight into not totally the opinion of the poet, but his influence on the audiences perception.The likelihood of the sources reliability, although anonymous, is further strengthened when looked at in the context of eastern, in particular Muslim, society. The oral tradition was, and still is of significant importance. The point do by Ahmad and the poet shows how the Ottoman view of Europe shifted significantly in the period Europe had something to offer the empire. Ministers visit Paris understood the basis of European superiority and in turn saw the need to drastically alter their own system. The Janissary purge of 1826 was first of the Sultans drastic alterations.It was impossible to introduce military and administrative reform whilst faced with the staunch opposition of the buttoned-up ulema Muslim religious authority, caned by the Janissaries. Ahmad agrees as he puts it, such schemes were impossible to introduce while the conservatives were so strongl y entrenched. Backed by the Janissaries, they were sufficiently efficacious to depose reformist sultans and execute their grand viziers.x As Mansel points stunned, the official history of enumerated acts of insubordination by the multitude corps stretched back to the reigns of Selim I and Suleyman.xiBy combining evidence from these sources, we can see that the abolition of the corps, also cognise as the the purging of the garden of the empire of savage and useless weeds, or the Blessed Event was inevitable. The abolition removed the final vestiges of conservatism, thus making it possible for foreign governances to influence the Sultan and the Sublime Porte Ottoman government. It was the counterbalance of an era of almost continuous reform, as Mansel put it, it seemed that only the Janissaries had delayed the empires return to the openness of the reign of Fatih and the early sixteenth century.xiiThe Janissaries created a climate of fear and disorder. The ulema had largely supp orted the Janissary reign of misrule, preferring conservative anarchy to innovation and reform.xiii By 1826 the Janissaries had managed to alienate the ulema, and even the prevalent citizens were against them. This was partly due to the treatment of the citizens by the Janissaries and also, as Ahmad suggests, because of the Janissarys poor performance in the Greek insurrection of 1821.Mahmud II waited eighteen years to do away with the Janissaries, who had overthrown and executed his predecessor, Selim III. They were becoming a law unto themselves and were now even unable to fight they were less soldiers, and more private citizens who just so happened to be on the military payroll. My argument is strengthened by R. G. Grant, who agrees that the Janissaries, once so admired, became a weakness through their political intriguing and their conservatism, which block uped military reform.xiv Although Grant is correct, the Janissaries did obstruct military reform, they helped to defend t he empires citizens against the Sultans excesses, as Maksudoglu argues, after 1826 top officials lived a luxurious and corrupt life, while the government borrowed considerable sums of money from European powers, and inflation reached unprecedented levels.xv As Goodwin suggests it was no longer the Ottoman idyl to whom the sultans had to answer for their extravagance. There were no Janissaries now to growl at the dissipation of the court.xvi In 1875, due to the Sultans enough spending, the empire declared bankruptcy. There is no doubt that this contributed to its collapse. The ulema, fearing a similar fate as the Janissaries offered the government no resistance. As Mansel put it, the ulema fearing similar annihilation if they opposed the government, they kept silent.xviiThe Blessed Event was more revenge, than considered reform. As Cunningham notes, years later a British full general watched with his own eyes as the Sultan manage workmen striking the Janissary bonnets off graves tones in a Pera burial-ground.xviii Goodwin substantiating Cunninghams argument states Janissary headstones, topped by the cocky turban of the order, were knocked over.xix Claims of acts of vengeance are supported by the eye-witness account of British Dragoman, Bartolomeo Pisani Every corrner of the town is searched and every Janissary military officer that is caught is conducted to the Grand Vizier and by him ordered to death .xxThe 1826 Janissary purge paved the way for further reform with bulge out the Janissaries, the conservatives were powerless, and in a state of disarray. The abolition of the Janissaries impacted significantly upon Ottoman society. Suraiya Farooqhi et al propose that in Constantinople, the closing of the Janissary corps had economic and social, as well as political implications in Istanbul Constantinople and many other cities, the Janissaries had compete a crucial role in the Ottoman urban economy.xxi accord to Maksudoglu, many shopkeepers held paid Jani ssary posts.xxiiThe Anglo-Turkish conference (1838) abolished protectionist policies. Charlotte Jirousek, an expert in consumption studies, agrees that the convention formally established a policy of free vocation and removed the longstanding protections on domestic manufacturers.xxiii Suraiya Farooqhi et al argue that the 1838 Anglo-Turkish Convention eliminated state monopolies and removed many of the barriers in the way of European merchants.xxiv The convention had a devastating impact on Ottoman manufacturers and craftsmen, Mansel agrees that the convention opened the empire to a flood of British goods and ruined many Ottoman crafts.xxvThe destruction of the Janissary corps (1826) and the Anglo-Turkish Convention (1838) further integrated Ottoman and European economies, just as the 1839 Tanzimat decree more well aligned the Middle Eastern with Western political structures. Mansel argues, it was the Sultans reason and his determination to save his monarchy, which drove him to modernise.xxvi Ahmad suggests that the reformers had locomote more convinced that the empires penetration by industrial Europe and its absorption into the expanding world trade was the only way for the empire to survive and prosper.xxvii though a valid argument, attempting to achieve absorption into the world market without first addressing pressing domestic social concerns deemed the economic reforms counter-productive. Mansel agrees, as a result of the 1838 treaty, beggars became more common on the streets of the city Constantinople.xxviiiGlenny cites a failure to industrialise as a principle cause after part the empires collapse. Though his argument is understandable, it isnt entirely accurate. There were attempts to industrialise, in so far as to mirror European industrial development. According to Mansel, the phrases English standards and European standards were constantly recurring in official letters.xxix The Armenian Dardian dynasty was central to the Ottoman industrialis ation process. Hovhannes Amira Dardian, an international entrepreneur visited England and France at government expense to study the modish industrial techniques and to purchase steam engines. In November 1831, the first Ottoman newspaper, Takvim-i Vekayi (Calendar of Events), or Moniteur Ottoman was printed in some(prenominal) Ottoman and French editions. Disagreement between Glenny and Mansel ought not to be seen as a weakness in my argument since Glenny is focusing specifically on the Ottoman guild system and not on general industrialisation.Between 1826 and 1839 the Ottoman Empire struggled to control key provinces Kinross describes the empire as continuing to shrink in extent, retaining despite decay its internal organs while losing through disruption its outlying limbs.xxx Though, Maksudoglu argues that European powers resolved to end Osmanli suzerainty over Greece.xxxi Disagreement between Kinross and Maksudoglu may be more apparent than real, since Maksudoglu, as he confes ses, is founding his assertions primarily on Ottoman sources. European influence proved pivotal in inciting the territories to rise up against Ottoman governance. The War of Independence exposed the weaknesses of the Sultans reforms. As Mansel agrees, the Sultans reforms did not help the Ottoman Empire in its struggle against the Greek revolt.xxxiiThe War of Greek Independence began 25 March 1821 and is surely one of the central elements in bringing about the case for reform. The War of Greek Independence, though initially taking the form of a Greek cultural renaissance, was in fact an attempt by the Greeks to actively destabilize the Ottoman Empire as Glenny suggests the Greek rebellions of 1821 were not spontaneous reactions to deteriorating social and economic circumstances.xxxiiiBy June 1827, after six years of war, the Ottomans under the leadership of the commander Reshid Pasha, succeeded in subjugating continental Greece, this ought to have signalled the end of the war, inste ad occupation of mainland Greece prompted British, French, and Russian intervention the Russians, in particular, put immense pressure on the Ottomans. Maksudoglu, alter the line of argument, argues that the Russians were guilty of inciting the Greeks to revolt.xxxiv The Austrians under Metternich favoured the suppression of the rebellious Greeks. The British, encouraged by the ambassador Sir Stratford Canning, fought the Ottoman government. According to Mansel, in an effort to persuade the Ottoman government to recognise Greece, European ambassadors, who felt physically threaten in Constantinople, left for the island of Poros between December 1827 and June 1829.xxxvOn 20 October 1827, the Ottoman fleet was completely obliterated at the Battle of Navarino. The support of British, French and Russian navies for the Greeks insurgents violated the 1827 Treaty of capital of the United Kingdom in which the trey great powers had committed themselves to securing an armistice between the Greeks and the Ottomans, without taking part in the hostilities between contending parities.xxxvi The British, as suggested by Glenny, were egged on by the philhellenic sentiments of Sir Stratford Canning.xxxvii Kinross agrees the great powers, the rival expansionist empires of Austria-Hungary and Russia, intrigued from behind their adjoining frontiers, marking out spheres of influence, stirring up satellites, and preparing to move when the moment was ripe.xxxviii The great powers crucially interfered in the affairs of the Ottoman provinces, destabilising the empire. apprehension between Glenny and Kinross reinforces the argument.In 1832, the Ottoman Army was convincingly defeated in Syria by Mehmet Alis Egyptian army led by his son, Ibrahim Pasha. The Sultans new army made up initially of ex-Janissaries, proved just as inefficient. Kinross describes the Sultans new troops as being not yet a match for so good an enemyxxxix. Marshal Marmont, a former marshal of Napoleon I and Char les X proclaimed they are not troops they are a reunion of men the character of whose general appearance is a low-pitched and humiliated air. It is clear that they are aware of their weakness.xl Agreement between Kinross and Marshal Marmont strengthens the argument that the 1826 Janissary purge was, to a large extent, a failure. The Sultan succeeded in getting rid of the Janissaries, but failed to effectively replace them. As Count Helmuth von Moltke, who in 1835 was brought from Prussia to train the army, put it it was indispensable for him to clear the site before setting up his own building. The first part of his great task the Sultan carried through with perspicacity and resolution in the second he failed.xliFrom the outset, Mehmet Ali was a thorn in the side of the Sublime Porte, as Kinross put it, he was the Sultans menacing vassalxlii. The Sultan was forced to turn to the Ottomans traditional enemies, the Russians. According to Kinross, this was because British Foreign Secr etary entitle Palmerston, who at the time was pursuing a policy of retrenchment of his armed forces, rejected his plea for aidxliii. Though on the other hand, Lord Ponsonby is said to have accused the Sultan of throwing his crown into the lap of the emperor Nicholas and reminded him of the power of the British to stop the Russians and Mehmet Alixliv. In 1840 the British forced Ibrahim Pasha from Syria and bombarded Alexandria. Mehmet Ali pulled his troops out of Crete and Arabia and authorized the hereditary governorship of Egypt.By 1839 the Ottoman Empire had significantly deteriorated. The Tanzimat decrees (1839) were issued in exchange for support in Egypt. As Goodwin argues, in 1839, in return for the powers putting pressure on Mehmet Ali to accept hereditary governorship of Egypt, he issued a reformist charter.xlv Kinross describes the reforms beginning in 1839 as nothing less than the transformation of Turkey from a medieval empire, based on the principles of Islam into a modern constitutional state, based equally on the secular principles of the West.xlvi The assertions of twain Goodwin and Kinross strengthen my argument the Tanzimat issued in secular principles, although it was promulgated in order to receive foreign support in Egypt.Western powers used the artificial doctrine of nationalism as a means by which to incite the non-Muslim citizens of the empire to rebel against the Government. As Goodwin put it, nationalism was a pretence.xlvii My argument is strengthened by Maksudogluxlviii, Eccleshall et al, and in part, by Glennyxlix. Kinross adds, inspired by nationalist feelings, they sought to break free of the empire and hack up the country between them.lAccording to Goodwin, the Philhellenic movement is often accredited with being liable for revitalising the Greek spirit and alerting the western governments to the suffering of the empires Greek Christians. This argument is two tawdry and certainly untrue. The majority of the Philhellenes were more driven by personal greed than by a appetency to see Greek independence all observers, both Greek and non-Greek, exempt Lord Byron from this criticism. Glenny also points out that Turkish rule over parts of Greece was no longer viable.li The tributes paid to Byron after his death, by both European politicians and literary figures pressured the British government to adopt a more interventionist stance.liiMost historians agree that the deliverance of the Ottoman Empire was in the best interests of the great powers. According to the British Foreign Secretary Lord Castlereagh, barbarous as it is Turkey forms in the system of Europe a necessary partliii. Wellington declared The Ottoman Empire stands not for the benefit of the Turks but of Christian Europe.liv A Russian secret government committee in 1828 came to the conclusion that the advantages of the preservation of the Ottoman Empire outweigh its disadvantages (since it would probably be replaced by powers under influence of Britain or France).lv In the context of nineteenth century Europe, the preservation of the Ottoman Empire was a necessity for the great powers, but only in the sense that it was essential that the empire didnt come under rival control. The agreement between Castlereagh and Wellington focuses specifically on retaining the balance of power, and not on preserving the empire as a goal in and of itself.In conclusion, the reforms passed in the period 1826-1839 significantly contributed to the empires collapse. Although the Janissary purge, as argued by Ahmad and Mansel, was necessary as they were no longer effective without them, the Sultan was allowed to accumulate debt unhindered. Debt led to inflation, move up food prices and general discontent. The ulema, fearing similar treatment as the Janissaries were forced to remain silent. The Janissary purge failed to cure the problem of an ineffective army, and merely served to avenge the acts of disorder carried out by the corps.Without t he Janissaries, and with the ulema now impotent, there was no demurral against harmful reform e.g. the 1838 Anglo-Turkish Convention flooded the empire with British goods and ruined many Ottoman manufacturers, other reforms, though not necessarily harmful, proved nevertheless ineffective. As Kinross points out by Metternich and others they were cynically brush off as an essay in window dressing.lvi If it were not for the Janissary Purge, then it is possible that the empire would have been in a better position to defend itself against foreign intervention and the Sultans excesses.i Suraiya Farooqhi, Bruce McGowan, Donald Quartaert and Serket Pamuk An Economic and Social fib of the Ottoman Empire Volume II 1600 1914 Cambridge University offer (1994)2 Feroz Ahmad, The Making of youthful Turkey, Routledge (1993)iii E.Eldem, experience and claim A invoice of Ottoman Orders, Medals and Decorations, Istanbul (2004), p35iv Stanford J. Shaw, explanation of the Ottoman Empire a nd Modern Turkey, Cambridge University Press (1991)5 Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli recital 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), pxxvvi Stanford J. Shaw, tarradiddle of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Cambridge University Press (1991), pviivii Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), p238viii Feroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey, Routledge (1993), p24ix Anonymous, quoted in Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds passion 1453-1924, pot Murray (Publishers), (1995), p25610 Feroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey, Routledge (1993), p24xi Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds appetite 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p238xii Ibid p24913 Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), p.29214 R.G.Grant, Battle a visual locomote through 5,000 years of combat, DK, (2005), pg34xv Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), p214xvi Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), p311xvii Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p274xviii Allan Cunningham, Anglo-Ottoman Encounters in the Age of Revolution, (1993), p34xix Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), p298xx Bartolomeo Pisani, quoted in, Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p23821 Suraiya Farooqhi, Bruce McGowan, Donald Quartaert and Serket Pamuk An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire Volume II 1600 1914 Cambridge University Press (1994)xxii Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), p209xxiii Charlotte Jirousek The Transition to plentitude Fashion Sys tem and Dress in the Later Ottoman Empire p213-230 Donald Quartaert, editor Consumption Studies and the History of the Ottoman Empirexxiv Suraiya Farooqhi, Bruce McGowan, Donald Quartaert and Serket Pamuk An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire Volume II 1600 1914 Cambridge University Press (1994)xxv Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p258xxvi Ibid, p25026 Feroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey, Routledge (1993), p24xxviii Ibid p258xxix Ibid p254xxx Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries The rotate and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow flagroot Paperbacks, New York, (1977), p.440xxxi Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), p210xxxii Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p247xxxiii Misha Glenny, The Balkans 1804-1999 Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, (Granata Books), London (1999) p26xxxiv Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), p208xxxv Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p248xxxvi The Treaty of London (1827), quoted in, Misha Glenny, The Balkans 1804-1999 Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, (Granata Books), London (1999) p34xxxvii Ibidxxxviii Lord Kinross, Ataturk A life sentence of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, William Morrow and Company, New York, (1978), p8xxxix Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries The swot up and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, New York, (1977), p467xl Marshal Marmont, quoted in Phillip Mansel, Constantinople City of the Worlds Desire 1453-1924, John Murray (Publishers), (1995), p259xli Count Helmuth von Moltke, quoted in, Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), p302xlii Lord Kinross, The Ottoman C enturies The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, New York, (1977), p467xliii Ibid p468xliv Phillip E. Moseley, Russian Diplomacy and the opening of the Eastern Question in 1838-1839, Harvard, (1934), p78xlv Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), pg304xlvi Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, New York, (1977), p440xlvii Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus, London, (1998), pg295xlviii Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999), p207xlix Robert Eccleshall, Vincent Geoghegan, Richard Jay, Rick Wilford, Political Ideologies, Unwin Hyman, London (1990)l Lord Kinross, Ataturk A biography of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, William Morrow and Company, New York, (1978), p8li Misha Glenny, The Balkans 1804-1999 Nationalism, War a nd the Great Powers, (Granata Books), London (1999) p35lii Ibid, Lord Castlereaghliii Ibid p248, The Duke of Wellingtonliv Ibidlv Ibidlvi Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, New York, (1977), p475BibliographyFeroz Ahmad, The Making of Modern Turkey, Routledge (1993)Allan Cunningham, Anglo-Ottoman Encounters in the Age of Revolution, Routledge (1993)Robert Eccleshall, Vincent Geoghegan, Richard Jay, Rick Wilford, Political Ideologies, Unwin Hyman, London (1990)E.Eldem, Pride and Privilege A History of Ottoman Orders, Medals and Decorations, Istanbul (2004)Suraiya Farooqhi, Bruce McGowan, Donald Quartaert and Serket Pamuk An Economic and Social History of the Ottoman Empire Volume II 1600 1914 Cambridge University Press (1994)Misha Glenny, The Balkans 1804-1999 Nationalism, War and the Great Powers, (Granata Books), London (1999)Jason Goodwin, Lords of the Horizons A History of the Ottoman Empire, Chatto Windus , London, (1998)R.G.Grant, Battle a visual journey through 5,000 years of combat, DK, (2005)Halil Inalcik, The Ottoman Empire The Classical Age 1300-1600, London (1973)Charlotte Jirousek The Transition to Mass Fashion System and Dress in the Later Ottoman Empire Donald Quartaert, editor Consumption Studies and the History of the Ottoman Empire State University of New York Press (2000)Lord Kinross, Ataturk A biography of Mustafa Kemal, father of modern Turkey, William Morrow and Company, New York, (1978)Lord Kinross, The Ottoman Centuries The Rise and Fall of the Turkish Empire, Morrow Quill Paperbacks, New York, (1977)Mehmet Maksudoglu, Osmanli History 1289-1922, International Islamic University, Malaysia (1999)Phillip E. Moseley, Russian Diplomacy and the opening of the Eastern Question in 1838-1839, Harvard, (1934)Stanford J. Shaw, History of the Ottoman Empire and Modern Turkey, Cambridge University Press (1991)

Animal Farm Essay Example for Free

Animal Farm EssayIn the movie, I began to see examples of collectivism and individualism. For instance, in collectivism the group comes in the lead the individual. The experts do each(prenominal) the sentiment for the people. Which in this case, the pigs, Napoleon and snowball were the experts. They made the rules that the spring up animals had to abide all animals were equal, no animal shall be killed by an separate, no sleeping on beds or drinking alcohol ect. As the revolution went on, the animals helped sensation another, deal we as people do in the everyday world. Napoleon soon felt as if snowball was getting in the way of his dictatorship and had him killed. Napoleon now became the leader, and even spread the word to other farms so other pigs could start the same revolution. The weaker animals were sacrificed the laws that were set soon changed, the farm animals became more and more like slaves , they ate less, worked dawn to dusk and no longer were equal. The law now was some animals were equal precisely some more than others.While the farm animals did all the hard work, the pigs got to sit back, relax and eat all the food for themselves. With that said, Collectivism is a lot like communism, the pigs had control of the farm animals, made the laws, even everything the farm animals made soon belonged to the pigs. Its like how the world is today, part of the hard earned money and things we sterilize go to the government. The government and the corporations are the pigs. On the individualistic side of things, in individualism the individual comes before the group.They only worry about their family and close friends. Towards the end of the movie, the horse was sold off and later killed, because he was no more use for the pigs. The donkey who is a close friend to the horse took that as a final straw and recognized what the pigs were really doing. Compared to individualism they fought with what they believed in. That no individual should work for pig s like them. Thats how it is with humans we fight with what me believe in.