Fear and Immensely Powerful Body Essay Example for Free

Fear and Immensely Powerful Body EssayIn This Descriptive essay, I will be writing about the Monster Grendel, from the chronicle of Beowulf. I will be giving details about him, while he is in action in a scene of the story, which will backsheesh to my conclusion of why I believe he is a coward, a horrible monster, above all, an obmination.Prepared to spill the blood of unsuspecting, drunken warriors in their sleep, Grendel promptly broke doen the reinforced door to the Herot with great strength and viciousness. Grendels strides were expansive. With each step, the monsters huge, feet practically flew, one after the other. The floor seemed to be instantly displaced due to his impressive agility.His eye gleamed in the darkness, burned with a gruesome light. Before any of the soldiers had the chance to wake up, Grendel had killed on of them. Torn apart like soft bread, the corpse was knackered and wholly devoured. The bounty before me is exquisite, a divine-delicacy, unkept and delightfully vulnerable Grendel speculated refering to his favorable luck.Unbeknownst to Grendel, fate had a bad future arranged for the monster. merely satisfied with taking only one life, the demon walked on to his next vitcim. Laying before Grendel was the Geat called Beowulf. Without particular concern for the identity of his presumed meal, he thrusted his fiendish claws towards the set man. His arm was instantaneously seized by Beowulf. Nowhere on Earth had Grendel met a man whose hands were harder.Frozen in shock, Grendels sense was delayed. Once he recognize the situation he was in, His mind flooded with fear. The horrible monster was crazy in his struggle for control. Never had Grendel shown much(prenominal) fear, had he ever known such fear. Grendel wished for nothing more but to escape.Resisting the beast-among-men with every ounce of strength and determination in his immensely powerful body, but to no usefulness. Grendel weakened, his muscles had been thrashed, wounde d, and completely exhausted of use. Beowulf, however, was farthest from failure. With his legendary grip tightening every moment, Grendels body began to submit to the boundless abuse delivered by the great BeowulfWith a tremendous crack, the endurance of that monster had been compromised entirely. Beowulf disunite the arm from Grendel, along with a considerable portion of the corresponding torso. Grendel then fearfully scurried to the marsh which he afflicted with his presence. The despicable coward festered in both corporeal agony as well as emotional trauma.As Grendel slowly faded from existence, the eternal darkness in-store wore away at his soul. His lifetime of fear and implike maliciousness had shaped an afterlife consisting of nothing. His soul was to be shed, Grendel then waited to end.Grendel expierences the same ammount of fear when he battled with Beowulf, that humans feel when Grendel attacks. Grendels character is rather a cowardly, a vicious, a horrible one. He at tacks only at night is very fearful during the battle with Beowulf.

The Non - Importance of Money Essay Example for Free

The Non Importance of M maveny EssayMoney lowlifet buy happiness How many of you have heard of this quote? How many of you agree with this? dresst answer, this quote is one of most well-known that I know of. How many of you agree with this? Tell me now, would you be happy, if you had in all told the money you wanted, but no family? Would you still be happy if you lived in a war-torn country, but had all the money in the world? Would you be happy, if you had all the money in the world, but no friends? No, I doubt you would. I mean just the other day, I was with a friend during the job assembly and the speaker was talking about the money that you earned for a certain job, now my friend and I were having a deep conversation and wherefore she said that she wanted much. More, then it dawned on me that she meant more as in More money. I guess having more money would sounds playfulness and interesting but is it really worth it. I mean just imagine sitting down on a bed with tv , your favourite pack of chips and just watching movies, all day everyday. Its sounds fun but seriously I mean what would you do with all that money. Buy clothes, hurt a new car, get a mansion. Yeah, yeah ou can get that but what use is it if you dont spend it with someone like for example a friend, orPsychologists, philosophers and ordinary folks have debated this question for years.In the last decade, the field of psychology took a dramatic turn from only looking at mental illness, to exploring what rack ups people feel fulfilled, engaged and happy. This decreed psychological science Movement has produced an expansive amount of researchers who are looking at things such as happiness, positive emotions, optimism and wellnessy character traits. At some point, every one of these top researchers explored the effects of money on happiness and positive emotions.What we are finding out is that happiness is the ultimate currency. Not only do happy people enjoy vitality more and have m ore fun, but they also practice positive lifestyle habits and have stronger immune systems. When faced with illness, happier and more optimistic individuals have been shown to be more proactive in their medical care, more compliant with treatment and medication, have quicker recoveries and show recrudesce health outcomes. So, ifwe want to be healthier and happier, its worth figuring out where money comes into play.When we talk about happiness, we need to look at it from two bump aspectslife satisfaction as a whole vs. moment-to-moment moods. I can be satisfied with my overall life, yet still have moments when I am non happy. Vice versa, some folks can be dissatisfied with their current circumstances and wish for change, but still have many moments of joy end-to-end the day. Interestingly, money affects our feelings about both aspects of happiness. Income is often thought to be a life-threatening measure of happiness and well-being. However, when researched, it was found to be l ess significant than predicted. Although individuals with high income directs reveal overall satisfaction with their lives, they often enjoy themselves less on a daily basis and experience great moments of stress than those with lower incomes.When does income make a significant difference in our level of happiness? If we struggle to afford good housing, food, or education, both life satisfaction and mood plummets. Edward Diener, a premier researcher in the field of Positive Psychology, found that once a persons basic needs are met, additional income does little to raise his or her sense of satisfaction with life. Many other cross-cultural and longitudinal studies have also shown a very low correlation between material wealth and happiness, except in cases of extreme poverty where people were deprived of basic needs.So, how much income is needed to be comfortable and meet our basic needs? A study from Princeton Universityfound that a larger paycheck does lead to a happier lifebut only to a certain point. According to the study, people who earned greater than $75,000 annually had no greater happiness.Does this mean we should all be happy when we reach an income of $75,000 and not strive to make more than that? Does it mean that money doesnt afford many pleasures and gratifying experiences that are not available to those of lesser means? Absolutely not.What really affects our happiness more than how much we make is our positioning toward money and the way that we handle it. When we hold fast to the belief that money directly determines happiness, life becomes a constant pursuit of accumulating more. So, when is enough, enough? Martin Seligman, father of the Positive Psychology Movement and author of Authentic Happiness, statesAnother barrier to raising your level of happiness is the hedontic treadmill, which causes you to rapidly and inevitably adapt to good things by fetching them for granted. As you accumulate more material possessions and accomplishments , your expectations rise. The deeds and things you worked so hard for no longer make you happy you need to get something even better to boost your level of happiness.Sonja Lyubomisrsky, author of The How of Happiness, concurshaving money raises our aspirations about the happiness that we expect in our daily lives, and these raised aspirations can be toxic. Unfortunately, raised aspirations dont only lead us to take things for granted and impair our savoring abilities. They steer us to consume too much, tax the projectets resources, overspend and under save, go into debt, gamble, live beyond our means, and purchase mortgages that we cant afford.On one hand, we can interpret the above by concurring with the age-old expression, Money is the route of all evil. On the other hand, there are plenty who agree whole-heartedly with the sentiment, Anyone who says money cant buy happiness hasnt experienced having enough to do so.So how can you develop the right attitude toward money and keep i t in a healthy place in relation to your happiness level? Here are some tipsCover Your NeedsIf you are struggling to meet your basic needs, do all that you can to foster a more secure future. Get the help of professionals, whether its with career planning, financial planning or government assistance. There are many no-fee or low-fee agencies who can base on balls you guidance.Save for the FutureDetermine the amount of savings that would allow you to feel a sense of security toward handling emergencies and your future. Develop a savings plan that works for you, and be consistent.Foster ConnectionsFocus on building stronger relationships with your loved ones. Research has shown the happiest individuals have the strongest commitment and connection to family and friends. Money doesnt guarantee happiness, but good relationships most certainly doDont Make ComparisonsSavor the pleasures of your spending without comparing yourself to others. Comparison almost always leads to feelings of in adequacy, and often for no good reason. Bask in the joy of your new car without coveting your neighbors more expensive one. Appreciate your long weekend vacation instead of wishing for an around-the-world cruise.Create Experiences and compose MemoriesSpend your energy on having experiences that will make memories instead of having stuff. Many of lifes greatest pleasures cost very little moneyand can even be free Socializing, spending time in nature, embarking on work and/or hobbies that are meaningful, volunteering, and listening to music are some of the many activities that people report bring them the greatest joy.Additionally, here are some examples of experiences that are generally worth spending money on due to the enhancements they can bring to your lifeExperiences that help us to grow and develop as individuals, such as education, lessons and entrepreneurial pursuits.Small pleasures, such as a massage or a private Pilates lesson, rather than an extravagant purchase.Gifts for others, rather than for ourselves.Donations to charities that have a personal connection to us.Purchases that have been worked and saved for.Do I think that money can buy me happiness? No, but it can sure bring enjoyment to my world. I will continue to believe that my happiness is not dependent on money. Although important, if I had to make do with less, I could simplify my life, and I would still be happy. I am surrounded by family and friends I love and enjoy, and do work I find amazingly meaningful, purposeful and rewarding. I will continue to work hard and enjoy the fruits of my labor, and hopefully never, ever take all that I have for granted. I hope you will do the same.

Theories for Employee Motivation

Theories for Employee MotivationAt the dawn of this millennium, Milner (2003) concluded that motivation continues to hold a signifi dismisst position in eyes of scholars. It is a known fact that various organizations need resorted to different strategies to boost staff motivation, create a comfortable break away environment and consequently, adjoin output.Motivation stool be analyzed from various perspectives but for the purpose of this essay, it would be examined from a work related point of view. Work motivation is a set of energetic forces that originate both within as well as beyond an individuals creation, to initiate work-related behaviour and to determine its form, direction, intensity, and duration (Pinder, 2005). We can because rightfully infer that motivation is a psychological process developing from contact mingled with an individual and his environment. To understand motivation, 1 must understand the aspirations of a living being. Several motivation theories str ike been proposed to explain these human aspirations at different times and by diverse commonwealth.Motivation theories ar broadly shared out into two but for this essay, two theories, one from each broad group has selected for analysis. They areMaslows hierarchy of involve possibleness (content theory) and prevision theory (process theory)They will be reviewed, evaluated and compared, highlighting individual strengths and limitations. They also would be used to determine the extent to which they influence individual motivation of people in the work place. Furthermore teaching collated from completed questionnaires by employees on what motivates them will be summarized and compared with the theory propositions to ascertain practical relevance.2.0 LITERATURE REVIEWAn appropriate starting note would be respond the question, what is motivation? A suitable definition would be the cognitive decision-making process, through which goal-directed behaviour is initiated, energized, d irected and maintained (Buchanan Huczynski 2010, p. 267). The need to study motivation, its stimulators and extinguishers remain real vital. Its importance to managers cannot be over emphasized. Understanding the concept of motivation would equip managers with the right skills to encourage subordinates, accomplish organisational goals, increase output and also advance their quality of life. Motivation is a combination of choice and intention. It has come to a conclusion that individuals dissent to their motivational state and the elements that influence it.2.1 MOTIVATION THEORIESMotivation theories are generally categorized under two broad groups content theory and process theory. Although there is no universally accepted theory that applies to e reallyone, each can help in different work scenarios. An attempt has been made to explain the variability noticed in the decisions people make virtually what they do at work, their commitment and the strength they utilize in achieving goals using motivational theories.Content theories of motivation question the perspective that views motivation in terms of individuals goals. Examples of content theories allow Herzbergs Two-factor theory and Maslows hierarchy of unavoidably theory. While process theories view motivation in terms of the decision making process influencing an individuals choice of goals. Examples are rightfulness Theory, Expectancy Theory and Goal Setting Theory.Different content and process theories have been formulated having specific application to motivation with reference to work context.2.1.1 Maslows power structure of Needs Theory (Content theory)According to R. Dailey (2008), Maslow proposed that people are motivated by the longing to gratify particular needs. He went on to arrange this needs in a given order starting with the most basic needs which he called lower level needs and rising to the higher level needs. He maintained that the lower level needs must be majorly satisfied before h igher level needs and that a satisfied need seizes to be a motivator.Below are briefly described the different needs starting with the lower level needs.Physiological Needs these refer to basic needs required for survival and they include food, water, shelter, air. Some researchers have added money to this group arguing that it has the capacity to provide some of the needs.Security Needs these reefers to the general worry of an individual to feel safe, stable and the absence of pain in his environment both physically and psychologically.Social Belongingness Needs these refer to the desire for affiliation, friendship, love and being accepted by others as a result of interaction and association. Theoretically, people who reach this level have primarily satisfied physiological and safety needs and are now concerned with establishing satisfying relationships. (Hitt, Miller, and Colella, 2009).Esteem Needs these refer to perceptions of personal value as a result of admiration from fellow individuals. When employees have attained a certain level in the organizational hierarchy, they yearn for recognition, fame and power owing to previous exploits.Self-actualization Needs the need for egotism-actualization sits at the top of Maslows hierarchy and few people are deemed to have attained this level. They are generally driven by the desire to utilize their skill and maximize their potential. They always under back out new ground breaking opportunities to bring into play their skills which spectacularly motivate them.Some other factors were originally included in Maslows needs but have been omitted by subsequent researchers. They areTo know and to understandAestheticsTranscendenceFreedom of enquiry and expressionThey come in this order respectively between admire needs and self-actualization needs. According to Maslow, the most potent way of motivating individuals is by provision of their primary needs which is the lowest unsatisfied need (Gordon, 1996).2.2 Ex pectancy Theory (Process theory)People are motivated to work or involve in a process only when they are assured of or comprehend personal benefit. The process through which outcomes become desirable is explained by the antepast theory (Buchanan Huczynski, 2010).This theory thus goes along to prove that we act in politeness that facilitate the accomplishment of appreciated goals. It helps in explaining employee behaviours relating to issues such as career choice, performance, joining a new organization, absenteeism, turnover and leadership effectiveness (Dailey, 2008).Expectancy theory was stated as a function of three concepts valence, instrumentality and expectancy.Mathematically, it can be expressed asMotivation = V x I x E ( Valence x Instrumentality x Expectancy)If any of the values has zero value, then consequently, motivation is zero.Valence can be said to be personal value placed on a reward or the perceived value of an outcome. Since it is subjective, that means valence comes across to various people in different ways. Employees ascribe valences to specific outcomes and they can be either negative or unconditional. A negative valence can be linked to unsuitable outcomes and consequently makes employee exhibit avoidance behaviours.Instrumentality is the personal belief that good performance would produce cherished rewards. It can also be positive or negative. While positive instrumentality refers to the employee belief that good performance would lead to desired rewards, negative instrumentality means the opposite.Expectancy is the personal belief that suit would lead to good performance. When employees decide to dedicate time and energy to a job, they expect positive outcomes. Contrastingly, there would be no perceived effort if the employee believes that it would not bring about positive performance. It is also noteworthy that performance feedback would boost effort.Diagrammatically, expectancy theory can be summarized by the figure below.Mot ivational effect = Effort Performance Outcome 1 V1Outcome 2 V2Outcome 3 V3E = Expectancy I = Instrumentality V = Valence1 = Not valued at all 2 = Not powerfully valued 3 = Strongly valuedFig 1.0 Expectancy Theory toughie2.3 STRENGTHS AND WEAKNESSESThe strengths and weaknesses of Maslows hierarchy of needs theory and the Expectancy theory have been summarized in the tables below.STRENGTHSMASLOWS THEORYEXPECTANCY THEORYShows the essence of consulting with employees and giving them a sense of be within the company.Strong empirical support.Shows a simple, reasonable description of human behaviour.Reflects importance of consistent rewards.It still remains very influentialRecognizes individual differences.Encourages employee career development.Provides explicit ways to increase employee motivation.WEAKNESSESMASLOWS THEORYEXPECTANCY THEORYLacks empirical validity.Using the components individually cannot powerfully predict motivation.Focused only on positive growth without reflecting the possibility of a relapse in individuals.Assumes behaviour is rational.Does not hold universallyPredictive power low for uncertain environments.Does not take individual differences into consideration.Questionable view of humans.3.0 DATA abridgmentThose selected for the survey thump across multicultural backgrounds, different kinds of jobs ranging from white collar jobs to ordinary jobs and different organizational levels managers and subordinates. The questions were carefully selected to prove or disprove the validity of the theories. (See attached questionnaire in Appendix 1).Beginning with Maslows theory, the effect of physiological needs was undoubtedly reflected in the survey. 80% strongly agreed that the absence of physiological needs would unfavorablely affect their motivation. Another issue is the contention over social needs. While 40% strongly accept the need to be socially accepted, a close 30% argue that the need to be accepted would not have any adverse on their outp ut not because they lack emotions but owing to the nature of their work e.g. scientific research. Some others strongly underplayed the effect of social needs claiming that they boosted their self confidence by themselves and did not need to be accepted to be motivated which contradicts Maslows theory. The result also shows a very strong point that cut across the entire respondents which is the effect of pay.The survey results are summarized in the figure below.Fig 3.0 MASLOWS HIERARCHY OF NEEDS THEORY ANALYSISFor the expectancy theory, the components instrumentality, valence and expectancy were generally accepted though the percentage for those that strongly agreed was not overwhelming. 30% strongly agreed to the influence of instrumentality, 30% for valence and 40% for expectancy. beseeming of note is the feedback factor whose importance is overwhelmingly obvious from the figure below (80%). But most interestingly is the fact that even though 80% strongly subscribed to motivation from a good pay check, a stunning 60% agreed that they would accept a more interesting job for a pay cut (question 1). A general summary of the survey relating to the expectancy theory is shown in the figure below.Fig 3.1 EXPECTANCY THEORY RESULT ANALYSIS3.1 EVALUATION OF THEORIESThe answers to the questionnaire would seem to indicate that workers were not remarkably convinced that good performance would lead to valuable rewards which raise a strong concern about the motivation of workers in todays organizations. The argument is that if the employees do not see a clear pathway from excellent performance to valued rewards, motivation would be on the decline with the effects clearly obvious.Moreover, 60% of the respondents opted for a more interesting work with less pay. This shows a path to self-actualization and that more value placed on it. When the job is more interesting, that provides the employee with an atmosphere to exploit his potentials hoping for a valued reward. This fur ther explains the concept of instrumentality because respondents placed more value on job satisfaction.The be two questions were intended to get stolonhand the kind of rewards that truly appeal to individuals and to give them an opportunity to say what really motivates them. 70% of the respondents had financial rewards as their first choice and it was followed by recognition with a close score of 60%.This reflects Maslows social and belongings need and also his esteem needs on one hand and the valence component of the expectancy theory. This shows a relationship in both theories when compared.Also very prominent was the feedback factor equally portrayed by the two theories. Equally significant was the choice of promotion and self-actualization as valuable rewards. Promotion as an example of instrumentality can also boost esteem needs.The survey results highlighted show very close similarities between Maslows hierarchy of needs and the Expectancy theory. Even though they were propo sed by various people and ages ago, they have stood the evidence of time and are still very valuable today. The results also prove that motivation is dependent on the individual and the environment.3.2 PRACTICAL RELEVANCEMost work places meet the first two basic needs going by Maslows hierarchy needs theory. Employers meet physiological needs by paying reinforcement and salaries which can provide food and shelter. In most countries, they are also obligated by law to meet the next level of needs by providing safe and secure work places. To meet the next level of needs, managers need to encourage team work. The work environment is a social place and at that team spirit should be developed. Managers should go a long way to foster socialization and a sense of belonging through effective internal communication, social gatherings, etc. If this is done, a better working environment would be created, social needs provided and motivation heading north.An appropriate reward system is very essential and would go a long way to meet esteem needs.Clear links should be made between efforts and goals and an appraisal system which recognizes achievement using valued rewards like pay rises, executive official cars and promotions should be put in place. These things also attach a status symbol to their baron which promotes esteem. Evidently, the esteem of people in diverse jobs is boosted in different ways. If managers possess the ability to assess and channel instrumentality rightly, motivation would be surely achieved. every last(predicate) management policies that crack, resist, alter or bend instrumentalities should be looked into to avoid lowering employee effort and performance.Self-actualization, sitting on the top of Maslows hierarchy can be likened to valued reward instrumentality in the expectancy theory and this would not immediately come to everybody as achievable through work but it actually is. Managers should attend quality training and support so as to achi eve clear performance goals and provide an avenue to inspire innovation.When employees are faced with challenging goals and can see a clear path to positive instrumentality through expectancy then this objective is feasible and personal growth achieved. On the contrary, self-actualization has been set to play a marginal role in some cultures. Japanese cultures offer jobs for life which seem to meet only physiological needs and promotions base on seniority which diminishes the longing for self-actualization in the work place. Also in some highly collectivist cultures, attempts to be personally innovative may be deemed as aberrant (Hofstede, 1991).4.0 CONCLUSIONThe present study attempts to crystallize certain factors which influence motivation by analyzing the relationship between employees, employers and the work environment. Both Maslows theory and Expectancy theory can explain motivation only to a certain magnitude from various view points. Maslows theory proposes that individua ls are motivated found on drives and needs while expectancy theory postulates that choices are made based on how we make choices with respect to goals. The response from the questionnaires corroborated aspects of both theories but highlighted the great importance of pay and feedback in influencing motivation. It is recommended that managers and employers pay great attention to these factors amongst the rest.As hinted previously, no theory can conclusively explain the concept of motivation. The relevance of these theories cannot be over emphasized or neglected. They have had a substantial impact on managers directly and employers as a whole in helping to rally out how and what to do to boost employee motivation. In addition, they have generated further interests in the area of specialization.The most significant limitation to this survey was the restriction to the number of people surveyed and the difficulty in convincing unskilled workers to partake in the survey.

Dramatism Theory and Kenneth Burke

Dramatism possibleness and Kenneth polish offInvestigation Into The Theory Of Dramatism And Kenneth hitThis report investigates the intercourse theory of dramatism and Kenneth Burke, to register the basic concepts of dramatism and moderate an sagacity. Kenneth Burke is the founder of the theory of dramatism, he lived until the age of 96 (1897-1993). The theory uses cardinal foothold to assortediate between movements, litigate is used to describe knowledgeable bearion and motion describes meaningless action. The theory uses the termination guilt trip to describe any looking at of tension within a person. Burke believed that forgivings lapse to put their guilt, in a guilt redemption cycle. The theory explains accreditedization as a consubstantiation, a portion of substance that co-occurs when people communicate. A cell nucleus comp mavinnt of dramatism is the dramatistic pentad and its elements, which preempt help analyse a colloquy event. An example of applyi ng the pentad is include and explanation on how dramatism dejection be utilize to day to day events, with a portion explaining how dramatism raise be applied in discipline technology. Dramatism is then evaluated by using common tests for testing informative talk theories. This report contains several criticisms of dramatism regarding troubles in the theory and with interpretation of the theory.IntroductionPurposeThe purpose of this report is to investigate the communication theory of dramatism and Kenneth Burke, to gain an understanding of this theory to shargon with my class. The basis of the research in this report testament be used for an fosterage presentation, in an attempt to share my findings with my class.ScopeThe eye socket of this report is to investigate Kenneth Burke and his theory of dramatism, to gain a basic understanding. This included an understanding of Burkes history, the concepts of dramatism and problems with dramatism. The development researched was from books, journal conditions found on databases and Internet websites with information about dramatism.LimitationsThis report is affected by several limitations, the biggest of which is my knowledge of rhetoric communication theories starting this research project. This is a enormous limitation because dramatism is based on previous call on in the force field of rhetorical communication, and this significantly increased the time taken to understand the theory. Time is another limitation which affected this report, as this report is create verbally under the pressure of a deadline, reducing the amount of research that could be done. Another factor involving time that impacted this report is that age writing this report as a student, time is a valued and rare commodity. A final limitation on this report is the availability of information which is targeted at a student investigating dramatism, as a lot of the practise is aimed at Burklean scholars.Research MethodsInformation obtained for this report is found from books, journal term from databases and Internet sites. The books were a basis for my research, as they provided a broad all over stare of the core theory and explanations. While the journal articles and Internet sites provided an in depth view into one or few aspects of the theory.Structure Of ReportThis report moves onto a literacy review which provides a draft summary, evaluation of accuracy and evaluation of validity of the information. The literacy review contains two sources from books, journal articles and internet sites related to the topic of dramatism. The findings section follows which provides a background to Kenneth Burke, an outline of theories, an application of the theory and an evaluation of the theory. From the findings a conclusion section is drawn, providing a summary of points of information points and a critique of the theory. A glossary of terms, references and bibliography is provided to assist the reader.Literature Re viewTheories of human communication (7th ed.)Littlejohn, S W. (2003). Theories of human communication (7th ed.). atomic issue forth 20 Wadsorth/Thomson Learning.Although Littlejohn does not cover Kenneth Burkes personal history, he does cover the theory of Dramatism in depth. Littlejohn describes the terms actions, motives, guilt, substance, consubstantiality and identification from Burkes work, with examples. Other fundamentals of Burkes work are explained in bully detail such(prenominal) as symbols, no neutral words, dramatistic pentad and the volt elements of the dramatistic pentad. Littlejohn besides uses the example of Edward Kennedy to explain how the dramatistic pentad can be applied.Littlejohns information appears to be accurate and valid to other sources studied, he also includes a large bibliography and footnotes at the bottom of each page to reference the information. Aside from the described bodily evidence found to validate accuracy, Littlejohn is a highly regarde d authority in communication theories.Communication TheoriesMiller, K. (2001). Communication Theories. New York McGraw-Hill CompaniesMiller describes Burkes personal history and education before moving onto the topic of Dramatism. It is described that four aspects of Burkes thought have been especially influential in shaping views of the complaisant field. Aside from describing aspects of Burkes work such as motion versus action, guilt and Burke believing life is drama, Miller includes and briefly analyses Burkes poem labelled as definition of man, and discusses a account written about the problem of agency. The dramatistic pentad and its five elements are clearly defined, along with action as rhetorical, identification, substance, consubstantiation and the importance of Burkes work.Miller is regarded as an authority in the field of communication theories, and used a large bibliography in this book. The information on Dramatism was consistent with other sources studied. designati on as a Key full term in Kenneth Burkes Rhetorical TheoryQuigley, B L. (n.d.). Identification as a key term in Kenneth Burkes rhetorical theory. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http//acjournal.org/holdings/vol1/iss3/burke/quigley.htmlQuigley explains that Burkes use of Identification is accessory to the traditional focus of persuasion, and then explains how and why. The article goes over the basic concepts of Burkes work in the field of identification and persuasion, and then moves onto different types of identification. The article covers identification as semi-conscious, through self-persuasion, though mundane/ take place and through representation with examples from Princess Dianas death.Quigley only had five references for this article, although three of them are work by Kenneth Burke. Despite a relatively small number of references, this article expands on topics that I have studied in other sources.Coming to Terms with Kenneth Burkes Pentad Clarke, J. (n.d.). Coming to terms w ith Kenneth Burkes pentad. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http//www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol1/iss3/burke/rountree.htmlThis paper starts as an introduction to Burkes work, to move onto expanding the pentad into a heuristic, as Burke discovered in his later work view belongs in the pentad. The paper also explains that Burke does not claim any originality for his pentad, as previous theorists had come up with the same heuristic using different terms. Clarke then explains an interpretation of the pentad in which critics should also look for grammatical and non-verbal function for motives, not just their superficial connection to a source.This paper included ideas and theories that I had not yet studied or seen before, simply it included examples of how the ideas should be applied. Clarke has used a large list of references to create this catalogue and the article can be found from Em Griffens website. With this in mind, a lot of the information I have seen in other sources and I be lieve the relief to be accurate and valid for reasons given.Re-visiting Kenneth Burke Dramatism/Logology and the problem of Agency Conrad, C., Macom, E A. (1995). Re-visiting Kenneth Burke Dramatism/Logology and the problem of agency. The Southern Communication Journal. 61(1), 11-29.The problem of agency arises in this document from human actors being defined as choice-making animals, the balance between voluntarism and determinism are questioned. The problem with agency described in this article is based on the problem of finding a trend of accounting for human experience with recognition, and a pure determinism and pure voluntarism are unacceptable. The article describes Burkes work with this problem and a number of different interpretations of the relationship between action and motion. It is suggested that a social action theory needs to be developed which is not grounded in dualism between action and structure inevitably.This document has been extensively researched as it ha s a large list of references which include Kenneth Burkes work and his thoughts and the criticism received regarding this topic. This article is from The Southern Communication Journal, indicating that it should be very accurate and contain only valid information. fend for Dramatism as ontological and literal Crable, B. (2000). Defending dramatism as ontological and literal. Communication Quarterly. 48(4),This article was written to document Crables work as he reread the dispute the work of Burke to provide insight to the argument of dramatism as epistemological and metaphorical or ontological and literal. The document investigates Burkes work with an independent view to discover how Burke would have answered the question at hand. But it is concluded that Burke defends dramatism as ontology because he begins with language as action, not representation. Burkes work also argues that this starting point is literal, that it offers the most(prenominal) complete approach to the study of motivation.The article mostly references Burkes work as that is what is in question, and the article was published in the Communication Quarterly. Therefore the work must contain a high level of accuracy and validity.FindingsBackground To idealogueThe theory of dramatism was developed by Kenneth Burke who lived from 1897 to 1993, to describe what he proverb going on when people opened their mouths to communicate (Griffin, 2009, p.289). Burkes work has had a large impact on communication although Burke never graduated from college, and despite this he taught at a number of institutions of higher level education. Burke entered the field of communication in 1952 and he was introduced by Maris Hochmuth Nichols, with her contrast between old rhetoric and the new rhetoric. Burkes career included literary critic, social critic, poet, fiction author, translator, composer and social theorist. Since Burkes death at the age of 96, there is now a Kenneth Burke Society which holds conferences and tri barelyes to Burke and his work.Outline Of TheoryTo understand humans and the social world, Kenneth Burke uses two terms to differentiate between intentional and unplanned movements or behaviour. These are motion used to describe behaviour which are non-purposeful or unintentional and action which is behaviour that is purposeful or intentional. Burke believed that it is the difference between action and motion that makes human distinct from other animals. Miller states In the most basic sense, through, the move from motion to action through the use of symbolism, and especially language marks humans as agents rather than reactors in the social world (p. 90). The difference between an action and a reaction from past experience has caused much controversy over the description of agency.For Burke language is always emotionally loaded and no word can be neutral, as attitudes and feelings appear in the language used. Miller (2001) states Burke (1935) believed that the drama of l ife is motivated by guilt (p. 90). Burke used the term guilt to describe a variety of negative formes such as anxiety, embarrassment, shame and disgust. He also believed that to purge our guilt we use victimage, in that we either blame ourselves as in the term mortification or blame some else as in the term scapegoating. The guilt redemption cycle is complete once the guilt has been purged through mortification or scapegoating, although it is often short lived because the social world involves guilt that will start the cycle again. Burkes work used three sources of guilt, the negative, principal of perfection and principal of hierarchy.For Burke rhetoric was not just a process of persuasion, but also a process of creating identification. For this identification Burke used the term substance, to describe characteristics or identity of a person. When two people meet their substances overlap to different extents, the amount of substance overlapping was called consubstantiation by Bur ke. It is through consubstantiation that identification is felt between people, and speakers will often try to gain an area of consubstantiation with their consultation to form identification. Burke proposed three sources of identification, material identification, idealistic identification and formal identification. Littlejohn (2003) states Identification is not an either/ or occurrence but a matter of degree (p. 156).There are galore(postnominal) different types of identification described in Burkes work, a common method of identification is common ground. Identification by common ground can be identification as semi-conscious, this identification occurs when a speaker uses symbols associated with a wealth or class. Identification through self-persuasion can be described as keeping faith despite criticisms, ascribable to rationalising their choice in ways that strengthen identification. Identification through mundane and recurring can be caused by becoming familiar with someth ing or someone because they are always in your life somehow. Identification through representation typically occurs when a person views another persons actions as inspiring, and this creates identification with that person they would like to be.Successful communicators often adopt strategies in order to identify with their audience, and Burke suggests in order to analyse an event the strategies must be identified. Miller states His proposal of the dramatistic pentad (Burke, 1945, 1968) considers five aspects of social life that should be considered in order to understand how we behave, and talk about our behaviour, in the symbolic world (p. 91). When analysing with the pentad it is important to also look for grammatical and non-verbal functions for motives as well as their analysis of words. The five elements of the dramatistic pentad areAct What was doneScene The location and context of the act.Agent The person or people that performed the actPurpose The goal of the actAgency Method used to perform the actFrom analysing a situation with the five elements of the dramatistic pentad and using Burkes pentadic ratio, it is possible to find the hidden views of a communication event.Application Of TheoryLittlejohn (2003) describes David Lings work on how the Burkes pentad can be used to understand a communication event, as similar communications are seen often from politicians around the worldIn 1969 Edward Kennedy, a senator from Massachusetts, was involved in an automobile accident with an aide, Mary Jo Kopechne, in which he accidentally drove a car off a bridge into a pond. Kennedy escaped, but Kopechne drowned. In a remarkable address to the public about a week later, he explained what happened and attempted to regain the support of the people. Ling writes that Kennedy wanted to achieve two things to minimize his own responsibility for the accident and to make the people of Massachusetts prudent for whether or not he would continue in office. Kennedys appe al on the branch point describes himself (agent) as helpless victim of the events leading to the death of the boyish woman (scene). He explains his own failure to report the accident (act) as a consequence of his confusion and injuries. Kennedys depiction makes him out to be a victim of a tragic situation. Later in his speech, Kennedy essentially offered to resign if the citizens wanted him to. Here, the scene shifted to the public reaction to the accident, the agent became the people of Massachusetts, the act was their decision as to whether he should resign, the agency would be a statement of resignation, and the purpose would be to remove him from office. Ling believes this was a very effective speech. The reaction was overwhelmingly positive, and Kennedy go on in office. (p. 156-157)From the above example of how to apply Burkes work and the pentad to analyse an event, as the pentad can be used to analyse more communication events including political speeches. Burkes work can also be applied to just about any other communication event as well, to analyse be focus and views. Identification methods and substance can be seen in common events such as Michael Jacksons death, there was much criticisms when he was alive by the media, although many people even so shared a feeling of identification with him. The guilt redemption cycle can be used on a day by day basis to help understand different motives for communications, especially communications resulting from a negative situation or result.Initially Burkes work was developed for face-to-face communication, but it can also be applied to the IT industry. A main source of communication in the IT industry is via email or instant messaging, this can also be analysed by the Burkes work. By analysing communication strategies, language and tones used in the message sent it is possible to detect guilt, mortification or scapegoating. It is very elementary to send a message of identification through hierarchy via online messaging, as the physical distance is ignored. Identification and persuasion can occur very intimately through online messages and from websites, by the sender displaying a wide substance. Due to the large amount of communication methods in the information technology industry, the method of communication (scene) can hold significance in the communication strategy. This can be in the case of sending an important message as an email, signifying that the person does not particularly interested or want to see you. With the opposite being possible as well, a person not sending an email for an unimportant admonisher can indicate an excuse to start conversation.Evaluation Of TheoryDramatism is an interpretive theory about understanding why a person behaves in the way that they do, and not so much in the predication of human behaviour. Burkes theory offers a new understanding of people, behaviour and symbolic interaction. Burke applied his theory to Shakespeare, and since then has been applied to many politicians and public speakers in order to get a greater understanding of the underlying communications and texts. Burkes pentad applied to texts can provide a clarification of values, as it can identify the ideology behind the message being examined. The theory does not contain much aesthetical appeal, although it does use bibliographic terms over scientific terms which creates an aesthetic appeal. Aside from the bibliographic terms, the theory does not provide much aesthetics. Burkes work has appeared in many communication journals, and there is now a Kenneth Burke society consecrate to ensuring the understanding of dramatism and development on the kbjournal (Kenneth Burke journal). Although there are look ats over components of dramatism, the theory is widely accepted and considered to be a fundamental part of human interpretation. Aside from the Kenneth Burke society, there are now Burklean scholars which are dedicated to dramatism, so it is fair to conc lude that this theory has caused a reform of society.ConclusionSummary Of Points Of InformationThis report has described information found about Kenneth Burke and the theory of dramatism discovered from my research. A background of Kenneth Burke was found and described before describing dramatism and its elements. To start describing dramatism, it is explained first the different between action and motion in regards to symbolism. The next topic described is guilt and the guilt redemption cycle, including explaining the concepts of mortification and scapegoating. To understand identification it is described how Burke viewed this with substance, consubstantiation and some common types of identification. Some brief definitions and descriptions are included as identification through common ground, as this is an essential part of identification. Finally the dramatistic pentad, elements of the pentad and its use are described.An example of applying dramatism to the real life incident of E dward Kennedy is included, as it is a great example of dramatism. It is then mentioned that Burkes work can be applied to many day to day events and the guilt can be seen on a day to day basis. Then it is explained how dramatism can be applied to the information technology industry, especially when information communication technology is used. The final section to findings evaluates dramatism as an interpretive theory, finding that all the standard tests for an interpretive study are successful in dramatism.Critique Of The TheoryA key issue with Burkes work has been labelled the problem of agency, and the problem is finding a way of accounting for human reaction due to experiences and situations. It is when this is taken into consideration it becomes unclear as to if a choice was volunteered or determined, as an essential part of agency is choice. Burke was aware of this problem and exhausted a large portion of his career trying to construct a more accurate definition of agency, ac tion and motion. This topic has been thoroughly analysed by many communication scholars with the suggestion that further work in developing a rhetorical theory of social action, that they start at the beginning with a view of the action-structure relationship which is not based on dualism like Burkes work.Another issue with Burkes work is the debate on whether dramatism is epistemological and metaphorical, or that dramatism is ontological and literal. This issue was first debated at the Eastern Communication Association conference, the debate failed to settle the issue. There is not as yet an answer to this issue, as Burke has stated that his work is not merely metaphorical, but is instead a literal way of speaking about the human condition. Although Burke has claimed his work is ontological and literal, there is debate that his work does not depict out this way.Burkes theory of dramatism is highly respected and a common tool in interpretive analysis of a communication event. Althou gh many students have difficulty in coming to terms with dramatism and the way it is written, provides a difficult learning experience. The theory is built off previous work in the field of rhetoric, which also can provide learning difficulties when studying dramatism without exposure to old rhetoric. This theory is used frequently, although it is arguable whether dramatism is complete as problems still exist and debates still occur. In summary, Burkes work has changed the world of rhetoric although it may not be complete, in the sense that Burke did not finish resolving problems in dramatism and debate continues. Although Burke is recognized for dramatism and all of its elements, Burke does not claim any originality for his pentad. As the same pentad is found in Aristotles and Talcon Parsons work, with the elision of different terms used to describe the same elements of the pentads.Glossary Of TermsAction Purposeful and voluntary behaviours.Consubstantiation The overlapping sub stance between people.Dramatism What Kenneth Burke saw when people opened their mouths to communicate.Dramatistic Looking at the nature of language stressing on language as action.Guilt Term used to describe any feeling of tension within a person.Mortification Purging guilt through self-blame.Motion Non-purposeful and non-meaningful behaviours.Scapegoating See victimage.Substance Term to describe a persons physical characteristics, talents, occupation, experiences, personality, beliefs and attitudes.Victimage The process of purging guilt through blame of another person or persons.ReferencesGriffin, E. (2009). A first look at communication theory. (7th ed.). States of America McGraw-Hill CompaniesLittlejohn, S W. (2003). Theories of human communication. (7th ed.).United States of America Wadsorth/Thomson Learning.Miller, K. (2001). Communication Theories. United States of America McGraw-Hill CompaniesBibliographyClarke, J. (n.d.). Coming to terms with Kenneth Burkes pentad. R etrieved August 12, 2009 from http//www.acjournal.org/holdings/vol1/iss3/burke/rountree.htmlConrad, C., Macom, E A. (1995). Re-visiting Kenneth Burke Dramatism/Logology and the problem of agency. The Southern Communication Journal. 61(1), 11-29.Crable, B. (2000). Defending dramatism as ontological and literal. Communication Quarterly. 48(4), 323-343.Griffin, E. (2009). A first look at communication theory. (7th ed.). States of America McGraw-Hill CompaniesKenneth Burke. (2009) Retrieved August 30, 2009, from http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kenneth_BurkeLittlejohn, S W. (2003). Theories of human communication. (7th ed.). United States of America Wadsorth/Thomson Learning.Miller, K. (2001). Communication Theories. United States of America McGraw-Hill CompaniesQuigley, B L. (n.d.). Identification as a key term in Kenneth Burkes rhetorical theory. Retrieved August 12, 2009 from http//acjournal.org/holdings/vol1/iss3/burke/quigley.html

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing Mix

Analyse Additional Elements of the Extended Marketing MixThis endeavor looks at the main genes of both the original and the panoptic grocery storeing mix. This includes an introduction to the concept of the convergence feel cycle, new product development, price strategies, distribution options and the promotion mix. Finally, the essay develops tradeing mixes for coca plant the skinny to meet the needs of distinct score groups.Explain how products are developed to sustain competitive advantage.Sustainable competitive advantage is the focal point of a corporate strategy (E-Course, 2013). It allows the conservation and improvement of an organisational competitive position in the market. It is an advantage that allows business to stay alive against its competition. A competitive advantage is an advantage all over competitors gained by go consumers greater value, either by means of lower prices or by providing greater benefits and service that justifies gameyer prices (Teac her Republic, 2013). See coca grass Companys competitors and positioning in (Appendix1)See Porters competitive advantage and cost advantage in (Appendix 2). When a follow brings a new product into a market they must value or so who is the product aimed at, what advantage will clients expect, how does the company plan to position the product inside the market and what benefit will the product proffer over their competitors. According to Kotler product have three levels, core product, actual harvest and augmented product, see coca grass product levels in (Appendix 3)Product life cycle is the course of a products sales and profiles over its lifetime. It involves five distinct stages product development, introduction, growth, maturity and decline (Kotler, et al, 2005). When companies introduce new product, it takes some time to be extensively accepted, at which point its sales and incomes will begin to rise. This will suck other competitors into the market, cause the market to mature. Finally, the market will decline as companies start to introduce the next product, and customers switch to that product. See coca plant boob product life cycle in (Appendix 4) coca Cola Company provides diverse type soft imbibes like Coke Zero, aliment Coke, Fanta etc. There correct image makes the organisation more strong. coca Cola is providing good insight, timberland products with qualified staff, good atmosphere and hygienic environment. They are specialised in soft and fizzy drinks. Coca Cola have created good image in customers mind, their image is reputable and reliable, and it has one of the most well-liked soft drinks available. They have well-known which is why customers feel comfortable in buying Coca Cola products. Coca Cola flowerpot market too many different segments. Coca Cola dirty dog market their product to teenagers much easier than older people, because teenagers are their target market. See Coca Colas mission statement in (Appendix 5).Explain how distribution is arranged to provide customer convenience.Distribution in merchandise acts importantly to attract customers convenience and organisations use method of distribution to see their ability. Two types of channel of distribution methods are available. In accept distribution involves distributing product by the use of an intermediary. prepare distribution involves distributing direct from a manufacturer to the consumer (Kotler, et al, 2005).Distribution is underneath the group of place, therefore organisations create a precise distribution method so that its quickly available to the customers and it can improve possible sales for an organisation. See Coca Cola distribution channels in (Appendix 6).The Coca Cola Company manage its products with bottling and canning operations. The distributors get to the Coca Cola to the wholesalers and the wholesalers get it to retailers and at final the customers buy Coca Cola from retailer shop. If Coca Cola does not work on its distribution services then their feeding bottles are just overtakeable at their factories then customers may not be keen to get them. Its more separate for the customer to buy Coca Cola from a close seller as compared to getting it from factory. Therefore distribution system of an organisation can be both its weakness and strength. Companies should know that their products are available at retailer shops and stores where customers can easily buy it.Explain how prices are set to reflect an organisations objectives and market conditions.One of the parts in the merchandising mix is set. This part of the 4Ps are the one making returns and which is also why it is important that an organisation chooses the right price. price is one of the most significant parts of the Coca Cola Company marketing mix, which makes revenue for them. Coca Cola use different types of set strategies. The pricing strategies are standing much on what aims the company has put itself to achieve. See (Appendix 7).Owing to the accessibility of wide variety products the pricing is complete according to the market and geographic segment. Each sub-brand of coca cola has different pricing strategy. Their pricing strategy is base on the competitors pricing, Pepsi is one of their competitor in soft drink industry. The Coca-Cola Company choose their pricing objective they believe will be most effective in dispensing their brand to customer, to do this Coca-Cola use market-skimming pricing.Coca Cola Company use marketing-skimming as there is a enough number of acquirers that have a high demand, also Coca Cola sets an primary high price and then lower the price to make the product available to a extensive market. Coca Cola Company use penetration pricing strategy as they want to hold maximum share of the market by maximum profit. Coca Cola use discount pricing, where their products prices are frequently become down during sale periods and special occasions, like Christmas, Easter etc. Also Coca C ola use competitor pricing, where to meet the competition pricing, their products pricing are set about the same level as it competitors.Illustrate how promotional activity is integrated to achieve marketing objectives.Promotion being an element of marketing mix consists of communication among the customer and seller of that product (Kotler, et al, 2005). Promotional activities are important element because, these activities are performed in order to inform customers about the product and it includes personal interchange, adverting, public relations, sales promotion, direct marketing etc.An advertizing, for instance helps a buyer to get to know about the company and it is products, this can be done by bill boards, banners or posters. The benefit of advertisement is that it informs people about different products and services, their utilities, cost and other requirements. The disadvantage is cost because advertizement is more expansive.In personal selling companies use their staf fs to sell their product after face-to-face communication with the customer and seller efforts to convince a customer to purchase the product. Personal selling is one of the ways to keep good customers relationships, but this method is expensive.Sales promotion is short term incentives to encourage purchase or sales of a product or service (Kotler, et al, 2005). Here are some examples of sales promotions activities and it includes buy-one-get-one-free, bonus points, free gift cards, vouchers and coupons, competitions and prize draws, etc. The advantage is that sales promotion can help companies to provide right information to customers, also it encourage repeat purchases and customer loyalty, but the advantages are that it gain price sensitivity and it is generally for a short durationPublic relations play an important role in promotion. It can be utilize to create a good image of the company for example magazines, TV or radio etc. PR is inexpensiveness of the cost, but it is hard to predict about the responses and it increase the risk.Direct marketing is where a company selling their products directly to people such as fliers or street advertising. It allows targeting specific customer and it can be measureable, but it is difficult to get it is direct impact and it can be quite expansive.Coca Cola use different methods of advertisement and the company spends a significant amount of money in order to be seen on billboards, radio, magazines, television, and on the internet. The Coca cola Company uses advertising as its central source of increasing buyer consciousness. It mostly uses the television this source allows the companys products to attract more customers.Coca Cola uses the radio as another(prenominal) method of advertisement and this is a cheaper then TV. They use personal selling, where the company train their sales staffs, which they preform as a representative of the company to the shops. Newspapers and magazines are other forms of advertising that is extensively used by Coca Cola.Moreover, Posters, signs and billboards are also broadly used as an important part of the Coca Cola promotion. Coca Cola billboards are normally placed at the city centres and their posters are usually displayed at the shops, public transport and restaurants like McDonalds, KFC, etc.In addition, Internet is another method where different forms of Coca-Cola advertisements are placed. Specially, the brand online advertisement is assumed through the wide use of banners, on-site sponsorships and several other formats of online advertisements.Analyse the additional elements of the extended marketing mixMarketing mix has three additional elements spate, Process and Physical EvidencePeople are one of the elements of service marketing mix. People define a service. This mentions to the people who are in straight contact with the customer such as staff. One of the important parts in selling a product is the companys staff because most customers rely on a decent service before purchasing a product. For example, the employees in Coca Cola Company have a standard uniform. The companies always focus on friendly and quick service to its customers from their staffs. The serve of the product is essential in marketing. This determines the efficacy of the product to supply the demand of the consumers.The process at Coca Cola Company is transparent and hidden (the whole process is not visible to the customers). Coca Cola has two types of processes which is involves bottling and labelling solutions. The most important stage that Coca Cola consider is control of the company to get products at the agreed time and good quality, and the last step they consider is, the selling of beverage for target customers of distributors.Physical evidence is an important element of marketing mix where customers will base their decisions base on the service which intangible. Companies physical evidence is supported by signs, symbols and artefacts of the busi ness itself. Examples of this would be the signage in Coca Cola which reassures the customer through branding.Plan marketing mixes for two different segments in consumer markets.Coca Cola Company is foc employ on target market when it markets a product it mainly consider on demographic and physiographic segmentations where demographic segment before it markets it point the consumer groups in age, sex, education, race, and occupation, and in physiographic it divides the market into different levels as lower class, middle class, and upper class to identify their customers. Coca Cola segments different ages. The company focus on whole population in the world, but young generation is the target marketed of the company. Also Coca Cola segments different income levels by packing. For example, customers who have small income, Coca Cola has small returnable glass bottle, for middle people it has small non returnable bottle and for rich and higher income people, the company has Coca Cola ti n.Marketing mix for Diet CokeCoca Cola developed a new product. This product is a diet drink by the name of Diet Coke. They have designed the marketing mix of product which is detail in belowProduct Diet Coke is a very fresh and tasty diet drink. This new and fresh drink is made to provide the consumers with energetic feel with taste as well. Diet Coke is available in different sizes of which start from 330ml 2L bottle. This drink is mainly for the female teenagers from age 16 24. (Get Me Media, 2012)Price Price of Diet Coke is very reasonable as compared to its major competitors. According to Tesco price its 330ml bottle is for 65p and 2L bottle is for 1.98.Place placement has an important role to play in the products success and failure. That is why the company makes sure that the Diet Coke is place in such a way in market that its in reach of every customer. They have very strong distribution channel and their product is available on maximum stores in the city.Promotion For a p roduct of such high standards like Diet Coke it requires good promotional activities. For this purpose the Coca Cola Company have chosen following promotional tools for advertisement the company have use different types of media like television, newspaper, magazines, internet and radio.Illustrate differences in marketing products and services to businesses rather than consumersThere are some characteristics to a service such as lack of ownership, intangibility and inseparability. Each of these taken into account when marketing a service, see (Appendix 8). A product is something which is tangible where as a service is intangible. A product is much easier than the service because after marketing and selling a product there is something tangible to be seen by the customers for they are satisfaction but in services they cannot because its intangible. Basically, the marketing of product is particularly focused on 4Ps in marketing mix namely product, price, place, and promotion. The Coca Cola Company analyse the major demand of their customers in order to find out a product that can respond the market demand.Firstly, Coca Cola Company focuses on the strength as well as eliminates the vulnerabilities of marketed products in order to improve products to meet customers demand as much as possible. Secondly, they focus on the pricing factor in product marketing because the price must be set to match with the purchasing power of a target group. The Coca Cola know the nature price of selling products. Thirdly, the Coca Cola focus on place because place of product marketing refers to distribution channels to deliver and sell the product to customers. Lastly, they create the promotion on the product in order to persuade customers and motivate the sale in a short term.On the other hand, a service is the action that provide for customers. The service marketing is generally use 7Ps which is extended from 4Ps by adding people, process and physical evidence. It is important for a ny service industry to employ appropriate staffs or people. Employing and training of staffs have good impact that is why the Coca Cola Company gives training to their staffs because most of customers will judge the quality of their service from staffs. Therefore, Coca Cola employ staffs that have good and interpersonal skills.ConclusionThe essay shows that marketing mix (4Ps and 7Ps) is a very important part of creating marketing strategy, also it is crucial for a company to implement their marketing concept successfully. The Coca Cola Company develops their product or service to meet the customers needs and wants then they seem into determining how their consumer going to receive the product and they consider direct or indirect channels of distribution. The Coca Cola Company will decide a price for their products that ensures a profit. Finally, they promote their product by using different advertising methods to attract customers.

Daisy Buchanans Role in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald :: The Great Gatsby

In one of the greatest works of the Twentieth Century, The Great Gatsby by F.Scott Fitzgerald, there are many dynamic and round quotations which greatly supply to the storys theme. One character, Daisy Fay Buchannon, is made essential by way of her relation to the theme. An integral part of the plot, Daisy conveys the meaning of the novel, with her multi-dimensional personality and her relation to the affairs. Daisy Buchannon is a round and dynamic character with many different sides to her personality. Early on in the book, she is portrayed as sweet and innocent. Her white and seemingly floating dress appeals to Nick in this way. She grew up as the most popular of all the young girls in Louisville. Even then she dressed in white. Daisy in like manner keeps her daughter around as a show toy. Whenever company comes over, she beckons for the little girl to come and put on a little act for everyone. This is symbolic of Daisys life she is kept in the closet until its time to show off for company, then she becomes radiant and personable. When everyone has gone, she is a bored housewife, of no importance to the world wondering aloud what she is going to do with the rest of her life. She appears to be bored yet innocent and harmless. Yet her innocence is false. Simply a materialistic young girl and has little mind of her declare is underneath all of that covering. Daisy rediscovers her love with Gatsby because of his nice shirts and large house. Daisy has been well trained in a rich family. She has grown up with only the finest material goods. When Gatsby failed to meeting her, she went off and married another man, without evening having heard a word from Gatsby. All of these many and round characteristics add complications to the plot and dimension to the meaning she adds to the book. The afore mentioned characteristics also help to create some of the main conflicts. Daisy was involved in the conflict between her and Tom. Tom had a mistress and Daisy was upset by it. Another conflict is her love affair with Gatsby. Her apparent sweetness and innocence allow Gatsby to fall in love with her. But her impatience and ignorance of true love or the meaning of truth or compassion allow her to flawlessly marry Tom, without a sober thought of Gatsby.

Discovering Communities on the Internet :: Computers Technology Papers

Discovering Communities on the InternetSection IOnline CommunitiesOnline communities seem to be very general these days. I feel there is ii different types of online communities. One type is where people converse during real time, meaning an individual could typically ask a question and will receive an adjacent response from someone else. The immediate responses result in a dialogue between two or more people. Bulletin Boards are also popular because they are similar to an online community. The bulletin boards allow people to share ideas. To my understanding, the main difference between the two is that someone posts an idea on the board, and another soulfulness responds to the inquiry or statement by posting his response. Both of these places allow people to sport discussions of all kinds and for a variety of reasons. Some people whitethorn think that an online community is where they met their significant others. Other people think an online community allows them to find the ho use or car of his dream. Also, people will ask for advice or ideas about something that is going on in life. There are advantages and disadvantages in chatting with communities. Some of the advantages are as follows people are connected with the world and the novelty of people people are able to find out other peoples interests and ideas people can learn about a different persons perspective. Some disadvantages in chatting with communities are as follows people can learn how scary and different people really are people can lie to you with out you regular knowing the truth. I assimilate had personal experience with chat communities and I have found great success.I have used chat communities for educational purposes. When I have chatted with communities I felt at ease. For example instead of having a class discussion I chatted with my classmates online. This way of discussing ideas was neat, because at first I did not know who I was talking to, then eventually I did figure out who I was chatting with. Another reason why I have enjoyed chat room discussions versus in class discussions is because people had the opportunity to speak their minds over the computer and they were not hesitant or shy. People did not have to face humiliation from the teacher or other classmates by their vocal answer. Chat rooms allow everyone to be able to participate and get come to in the class.